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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what we know about crime depends on what?
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-depends on the quality, coverage, reliablility, and validity of our measures of crime
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counting procedures
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-how to count units and elements
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crime rates
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-divide the amount of crime by the popn size and multiply by 100 000
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methodology
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-the study or critique of methods.
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population
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-all members of a given class or set.
(difficult to examine, so use a sample) |
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administrative record
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-information that can be the basis of statistics
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Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics
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-division of statistics Canada, formed in 1981, that mandates what national data to collect on crime and justice
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seriousness rule
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-if there are multiple crimes committed in one incident, only the most serious crime is counted
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why must sample sizes be large?
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-b/c crime is relatively rare and undistributed
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police statistics
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-most commonly used, but are biased b/c inconsistencies in reporting and recording
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formal labelling process
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a. arrest
b. charge c. conviction |
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what issues must be addressed about records before they can be converted into statistics?
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a. unit of count
b. levels of aggregation c. definitions d. data elements e. counting procedures |
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data on prisoners
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-doesn't tell us much about crime and criminality, only tells us about the criminal justice system
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gross counts of crime
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-the total amount of crime in a given community, with no distinction between crime categories.
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self-report study
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-used to measure crime with a questionnaire asking ppl details about a crime they have committed (used to understand social characteristics of offenders)
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administrative records can be the basis of statistics
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-if clear procedures with units of count....
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reliability
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-the consistency of results over time
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crime theories
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-are built simultaneously and are mutally dependent
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units of count
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-what it is we are counting
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dark figure of crime
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-crime that is unreported or unknown.
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victimization survey
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-a random sample of a popn questioned to recall and describe their own experience of being a victim of crime
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use of good statistics
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-for planning, policy-making, and administration
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since 1991
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-crime rates have dropped
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theory
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-a tool used to explain
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levels of aggregation
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-how to combine data
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how are the "dark figure crimes" accounted for?
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-with the use of victimization surveys
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enterprise crime
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-organized crime or organizations and the state
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corrections data
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-most reliable and valid (b/c counting prisoners can be accurate)
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validity
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-whether what claims to be measured actually is what is being measured
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ideology
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-explanations and justifications of features of society
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definitions
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-how to define what is being counted
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use of UCR
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-to provide uniform, comparable, and national statistics
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UCR & Victimization surveys
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-generate seperate databases, based on different populations and assumptions
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UCR
(Uniform Crime Report System) |
-the most commonly used measure of crime that is based on crimes reported to the police across the country.
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crime causation
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-what aspects of a community create pressures for more criminality
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3 broad types of criminal justice statistics
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a. statistics about crime and criminals
b. statistics about the criminal justice system and its response to crime c. statistics about perceptions of crime and criminal justice |
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data elements
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-what specific information should be collected
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why are crime classifications easier in Canada than USA?
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-Canada operates under a common criminal code, and more police departments
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social map
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-identifying the social characteristics of victims, offenders, or inmates
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soc lecture 2
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midterm 2
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