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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Trends for racialized mass incarceration |
1925-1975: rates are stable 1980: fewer than 300,000 behind bars 2007: 1.5 million |
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Primary reasons for imprisonment |
Incapacitate---(public safety) Retribution ---(punish) Rehabilitate-- (resocialize) Deterrence ---(create fear) |
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recidivism |
to return to a previous pattern of behavior (crime) |
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Structure vs. Agency |
- conditions people find themselves in - choices people make |
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3 MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS Extra-legal factors that influence how OFFICERS respond |
1: Suspect's demeanor 2: Suspect's social class 3: Suspect's race |
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Felony disenfranchisement across US states |
48/50 states restrict voting for prisoners |
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Transformative assets |
Received assets fromolder generations that have potential to transform life income: salary, wages, all earnings wealth: total assets, property not equity |
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2 measures of wealth |
net worth Financial wealth (net work) |
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In 2013: on average whites had... $ |
whites: $141,900 blacks : $11 due to transfer of wealth from one generation to the next |
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Jack and jill society |
Bourgeois, upperclass african american club |
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Rates of miscegenation |
10% of marriages are across racial lines-2010 15% of new marriages are interracial |
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Danerians, Wallonians, Pirenians were used as an example to... |
intimacy comfort |
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Did michgan have anti-miscengenation laws? |
Yes. Which were removed in 1883 |
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Loving vs. Virginia 1967 |
outlawed anti miscegenation laws |
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who used to marry interracially? who does now? |
- low education americans - now highly educated americans |
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1st and second most common combos for racial intermarriage |
1: Black males and White females 2: White males and Asian females |
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homogamy |
tendency to marry those with similar social characteristics |
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hypergamy |
marry up socially |
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hypogamy |
marry down |
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Public support of interracial marriage 1958 and 2011 |
1958: 4% 2011: 85% |
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arrest rates and college graduation rates for college atheletes |
-lower than average -higher than average |
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What percent of Arab Americans are Christian? |
66% |
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What race has most muslims in America? |
African American - 42% |
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Arab Americans make up how much of U.S. pop? |
1% |
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What are the three largest groups of arabs? |
Lebanese: 25% Egyptians Syrians |
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1st wave of Middle Eastern Migration |
late 1800's Lebanese and Syrian - escaping prosecution of Ottoman Empire - most Christian - had entrepreneurial resources (sojourners, middle man minority in auto industry) |
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Caldeans |
125,000 in US 100,000 in metro detroit Catholic group from Iraq |
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Chain migration |
man first, then sends for wife and children, then parents and other relatives |
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2nd wave of middle eastern migration |
after 1965 - more likely to be muslim - educated professionals - migrate as family units |
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Resource shares for Middle Eastern |
Lebanese have highest SES Iraqis have lowest SES |
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Cultural Assimilation factors for Arab Americans |
- speak english in public more than others - high rates of voting - believe in individualism and work ethic |
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Structural Assimilation factors for Arab Americans |
- Residentially dispersed - rates of intermarriage rising - US muslims establish friendships with non muslims |
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How many arab americans live in metro detroit? |
300,000 |
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Mega Church |
2000< attendees |
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homogeneous congreagation |
80% of congregation are the same race - over 90% of us congregations are racially homogeneous |
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Which religious groups are most likely to have racially mixed congregations |
Non-Christian - 15% of catholic churches mixed - 5% of Protestant churches mixed |
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Why might Protestant churches be less mixed? |
The more churches available, the more options a person has to choosing a congregation that is most like their own identity. |
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Why might religion reinforce boundaries? |
- Churches segregated by class - Churches heighten in-group bonds which produce more outsider distinctions |
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What is the Religious ethical paradox? |
Group loyalty in churches can evolve into group selfishness |
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How can racially mixed groups reduce prejudice? |
- contact hypothesis - cross racial ties--> more social mobility for lower SES people |
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Three largest Latino groups in the US |
1st: Mexicans 2nd: Puerto Ricans 3rd: Cubans |
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Latino income compared to white income |
69% of white income |
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Latino youth ...less likely to ...more likely to |
... less to commit suicide ... more to be victims of homocide |
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Mexican Americans who finish high school (%) |
55%, little over half |
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Latin America (has/doesn't have) one drop rule |
They don't have one drop rule |
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Mexicans American facts |
- most are mix of native american/white - reside in American southwest |
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
1845: guranteed basic rights to Mexicans in the southwest - full american citizenship - retention of spanish - ownership of land |
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How did American Gov betray Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
- Laws written in english - Spanish not used in court system - Land grants written in Spanish were useless |
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"Las Gorras Blancas" |
The White caps - they protested loss of land, social bandits |
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Immigration Act 1924 (Impact of Mexicans) |
Did not limit the # of Mexicans coming in. |
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How did the Great Depression the 1930's affect Mexican immigration? |
First major repatriation of mexicans 500,000. Some were U.S. citizens |
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How did WWII affect Mexican immigration? |
US and Mexico established the Bracero program owing to labor shortages during the war |
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Operation Wetback (1950's) |
2nd major repatriation of Mexicans - 3.8 million Net illegal immigration today is zero or negative |
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Immigration and Reform Act 1986 |
2 major revisions - granted amnesty to those who have lived in US since 1982 (5 years) - penalized employers who hire undocumented migrants |
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1st wave of Cuban Americans |
1959 After Catro overthrew Batista in - elites fled followed by middle and upperclass - light skinned - US gov welcomed them because they were fleeing communism given automatic greencards ---Little Havana Florida |
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2nd wave of Cuban immigrants |
1980 Castro emptied prisons and mental hospitals - darker skinned - single males, many with criminal backgrounds - "Marielitos" unwelcomed |
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Puerto ricans live mostly where? |
Mainland US, rather than on island (NYC and San Juan) |
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The future of American ethnicity: Education |
More non-whites enrolled n educational system than whites |
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Projected US population changes from 2010-2050 |
White: decrease by 20% Latino: double from 16-30% Black and Asian/other: stable/slight increase |
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Legal immigration peak |
1991 at 1.8 million that year |
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2001-2010: peak decade for immigration |
% of foreign born rising: 1970-4.7%/ Today-13% |
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Quotas abolished when? |
1965 |
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History of immigration policy |
1882 Chinese exclusion act 1907 Gentleman's agreement 1917 immigration act 1924 quotas 1965 quotas abolished |
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State most new immigrants arrive in |
California. Super cool to the foreigners |
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Preventative assimilation factors for Latinos |
Large size - can't fill middleman roles - fuels hostility from others - generates neg stereotypes Language - survival of barriers - back and forth movement from Mexico |
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Supportive assimilation factors for Latinos |
- less identifiable than other enthics - gain of political power in SW - increase in educational attainment: as #'s increase so will antagonism of the structural issues |
