Soc 201 - Unit 1

Front 1

Studies what we do and why we do it, and uses the results of those studies to understand, describe, predict, and control behavior

Back 1

Psychology

Front 2

______is the systematic study of behavior and the factors that influence behavior

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Psychology

Front 3

It is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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Psychology

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_______ refers to observable actions or responses in both humans and animals. It includes speaking, sleeping, laughing and eating

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Behavior

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________ ______might include such things as planning, thinking, imagining, dreaming coping; things not directly observable

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mental processes

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Schools of Psychology include (9)

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Structuralism, Introspection, Functionalism, Behaviorism, Cognitive, Psychoanalytic, Humanistic, Biological Psychology/Psychobiological, Sociocultural

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The first school of psychology

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Structuralism

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School of Psychology focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components

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Structuralism

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In this school of psychology, researchers tried to understand the basic elements of consciousness using a method knows as introspection

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structuralism

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Is a school of psychology that looks inward and attempts to analyze the processes that go on inside the mind

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Introspection

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This psychological school followed structuralism

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functionalism

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______ was based how the conscious is related to behavior; how does the mind affect what people do

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Functionalism

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It is concerned with the function of mental processes in man and animals, especially the role of the mind, intellect, emotions, and behavior in an individual's adaptation to the environment

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Functionalism

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It is the theory of mental life and behavior that is concerned with how an organism uses its perceptual abilities to function in its environment

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Functionalism

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¬¬¬_______ is the school of psychology that studies only observable and measurable behavior

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Behaviorism

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Skinner Watson School of psychology

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Behaviorism

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Theory of learning based on the idea that ll behaviors are acquired through conditioning

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Behaviorism

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_______ occurs through interaction with the environment

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conditioning

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Studies how organisms learn new behaviors or modify existing one depending on whether events in their environments reward or punish these behaviors

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Behaviorism

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Devoted to the study of mental processes aka mental maps and models of reality

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Cognitive school

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Branch of psychology that studies mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember and learn

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cognitive psychology

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Examines how we process, store and use information, and how this information influences what we attend to , perceive, learn, remember, believe and feel

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cognitive psychology

Front 23

Memory improvement, increasing decision making accuracy and how to structure educational curricula are practical applications derived from

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cognitive research

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Stresses the influence of unconscious fears, desires and motivations on thoughts, behaviors and the development of personality traits and psychological problems later in life

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psychoanalytic psychology

Front 25

School of psychological thought that emphasized that each individual has great freedom in directing his/her future, a large capacity for personal growth, a considerable amount of intrinsic worth and enormous potential for self-fulfillment

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humanism

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School focused on each individual potential and stressed the importance of growth and self-actualization

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humanism

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Fundamental belief of humanistic psychology was that people are innately good, with mental and social problems resulting from deviations from this natural tendency

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humanism

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Focuses on how our genes, hormones, and nervous system interact with our environments to influence learning, personality, memory, motivation, emotions and coping techniques

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biological psychology

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Biological psychology aka

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psychobiological approach

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Examines the influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and differences on psychological and social functioning

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sociocultural school of psychology

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Assess and treats people with psychological problems

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clinical psychology

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Focuses more on persons with adjustment problems rather than onl person suffering from sever psychological disorders

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counseling psychology

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The study of the way we learn about our environment, how we store the knowledge in memory, how we use it to thingk and act intelligently in new situations

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cognitive psychology

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Cognitive psychology aka

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information processing

Front 35

Studies of we develop intellectually, socially, and emotionally ove the lifespan

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developmental psychology

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Study of human learning

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educational psychology

Front 37

Studies how our beliefs, feelings, and behaviors are affected by other persons

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social psychology

Front 38

Studies the personality of development, personality change, assessment and abnormal behaviors

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personality psychology

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Concerned with psychology’s contributions to the promotion and maintenance of good health and the prevention and treatment of illness

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health psychology

Front 40

Involved in analyzing crime evidence and aiding law enforcement agencies in criminal investigations

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forensic psychology

Front 41

Help athletes refine their focus on competitive goals, become more motivated, and learn to deal with the anxiety and fear of failure that often accompany competition.

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Sports psychology

Front 42

Study of behavior that deviates from that which is considered healthy

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abnormal psychology

Front 43

Study of psychological theories, principles and applications as related to funeral service

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funeral service psychology

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Someone who has completed four to five years of postgraduate education and has obtained a phd in psychology

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psychologist

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Psychologist ___ prescribe drugs to treat behaviors

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do not

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MD who has spent several years in clinical training that includes diagnosing possible physical and neurological causes of abnormal behaviors and treating these behaviors with prescription drugs

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psychiatrist

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Method of searching through a person’s subconscious memories for the source of their current difficulties rather than focusing on conscious memories

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psychoanalysis

Front 48

Follow Freud’s theories that painful childhood memories contained in the subconscious are the cause of mental illness

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Psychoanalysts

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Intense feeling which is accomplished by bodily changes

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emotion

Front 50

Act or process of giving and incentive or inducement to action

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motivation

Front 51

Desire to reach a goal that has value to the individual

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motive

Front 52

Motive is determined in parts by…(2)

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nature/biological needs, nurture/learning

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Form of denial that is generally a deliberate act on the part of the individual

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motivated forgetting

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Urge or force directed toward a goal

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drive

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Caused by blocking or thwarting the way to achieving a goal or action

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frustration

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The expectation that we may or may not have a chance to achieve our motives, whether we are in control of our lives or at the mercy of outside forces

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locus of control

Front 57

Two segments of locus of control

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internal and external locus of control

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Involves describing our fate as being determined by ourselves

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internal locus of control

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Involves describing our fate as being determine by outside fate

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external locus of control

Front 60

Our most basic needs are _____

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inborn

Front 61

Maslows five stages of need

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Biological/Physiological, Safety, Belongingness/Love, Esteem, Self-Actualization

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Maslow and Erik Erikson, state that the hierarchy of needs must be met ______ or we will miss a portion or phase of our lives

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in order

Front 63

Herzbergs two factors include

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Hygiene factors and motivator factors

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Herzberg factor that can be likened to an animal avoiding pain

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Hygiene factors

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Herzberg factor that can be likened to a human being grown psychologically

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Motivator Factor

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Herzberg factor that causes dissatisfaction in the workplace

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hygiene factor

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Herzberg factor that causes satisfaction in the workplace

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motivator factor

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Policy, wages, supervision, inter-personal relationships, job security and conditions are examples of this type of factor

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hygiene

Front 69

Based on the need to avoid unpleasantness in the workplace

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hygiene factor

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Herzberg factor that is based on individuals need for personal growth such as status, advancement, recognition, responsibility, challenge and achievement

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Motivator factor

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Herzberg argues that these two level of Maslow’s theory act as motivators

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esteem and self-actualization

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Developed theory X and theory Y

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Douglas McGregor of MIT in the 1960’s

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Work is inherently distatsteful to most and will attempt to avoid it is characteristic of Theory ___ management style

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X

Front 74

Theory ___ management style focuses on meeting the employees higher level needs

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Y

Front 75

Root word of emotion means

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to move

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Emotions four components

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interpreting a stimulus, subjective feeling, physiological response, overt behavior

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Age when child can express happiness and sadness

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3 month

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Age when child can express laughter

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3 to 4 months

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Age when child can express anger and surprise

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4 to 6 months

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Age when child can start to show fear

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7 months

Front 81

Refers to specific cultural norms that regulate how, when and where we should express emotion and how much emotion is appropriate

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display rules

Front 82

Study of human behavior as it relates to funeral service

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funeral service psychology

Front 83

Name the three stages of Hill and Obrien’s helping process

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Exploration, Insight and Action

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Name the two phases of the exploration stage

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client and FD enter into a helping relationship, the building of a helping relationship

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Name the two phases of the insight stage

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exploration and assistance in helping the family understand their alternatives and consolidation and planning

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Name the three phases of the Action stage

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implementation and action, conclusion of the funeral process and post funeral follow up