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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Differention |
the process by which different social categories emerge and by which people come to fill those categories |
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Specialization |
the transformations from single, multiple-purpose statuses to multiple, single-purpose statuses/roles |
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Stratification |
vertical rankings of members of society, based upon their access to and control over scarce resources |
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Adam Smith- Optimistic Theory |
Specialization dramatically increases productivity and creates new jobs. Mechanism for social organization. |
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Emile Durkheim - Cautiously Optimistic Theory |
specialization can cause anomie (absence of order) |
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Karl Marx- Pessimistic Theory |
specialization can cause alienation (separation/estrangement) |
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Household Economy |
-produced substance -work was performed in and for the household -money was used as a unit of account -barter/trade for items they did not produce -orientation away from market |
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Capitalism: The Market |
impersonal buying and selling of commodities; goods produced with the expressed intent of selling them |
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Capitalism: Distinct Economic Institutions |
organizations specializing in the manufacture, distribution and sale of specific products; "Double Dependence" |
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Capitalism: Profit Orientation |
the "ism of capitalism" |
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surplus value |
profit |
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commodity production circuit |
MCM money, commodities, profit |
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Stratification Prediction: Marx |
two class society: bourgeoisie and proletariat |
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Stratification Prediction: Smith |
generally higher standard of living for most (middle class society) |
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Blacks & Hispanics |
are most likely to be below poverty line |
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Whites & Asians |
are most likely to be above poverty line |
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single mothers |
make the least amount of income |
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Feminization of Poverty |
Caused by: -divorce -deadbeat dads -Labor Market Segregation |
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46.2 million people |
below poverty line |
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41% of children |
live in low income households |
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Socioeconomic status determines education |
education determines socioeconomic status |
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a family needs _______ the poverty level income to meet basic needs |
twice |
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children with parents with an _____________ are most ready for school |
advanced degree |
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psychoanalysis |
the theory of how the self is formed; a method for helping self come to terms with society |
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Id |
instinctual drives; pleasure principles |
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superego |
culture, internalized |
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ego |
"referee" between id and superego |
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Oral Stage of Development |
wein away from breast feeding |
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Anal Stage of Development |
potty training |
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Phallic Stage of Development |
develop intimate/romantic relationships outside of family |
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Freud Criticisms |
-unrepresentative sample -can't be generalized -vastly oversimplifies |
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George Herbert Mead: Social Action |
behavior directed by the meanings people attach to their behavior and the situation |
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George Herbert Mead: Social Interaction |
behavior among 2 or more persons guided by mutual understandings of meaning |
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Play Stage of Symbolic Interaction |
experimentation with a role; taking on the attitude of significant others |
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Game Stage of Symbolic Interaction |
purposeful activity among related roles; taking on the role of the generalized other |
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post-industrial society |
the stage of society's development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy. |
