Soc 101G Test 3

Front 1

__________ is the unequal access to scarce goods and resources

Back 1

inequality

Front 2

inequality is the ____________________

Back 2

unequal access to scarce goods and resources

Front 3

_______________ is how people vary due to social characteristics

Back 3

social differentiation

Front 4

social differentiation is how people vary due to _________________

Back 4

social characteristics

Front 5

the _______ of people according to their wealth, power, or prestige is known as social stratification.

Back 5

ranking

Front 6

the ranking of people according to their ____________ is known as social stratification.

Back 6

wealth, power, or prestige

Front 7

the ranking of people according to their wealth, power, or prestige is known as ____________.

Back 7

social stratification

Front 8

________ societies have a small division of labor

Back 8

simple

Front 9

simple societies have a _______ division of labor

Back 9

small

Front 10

________ societies have a large division of labor

Back 10

complex

Front 11

complex societies have a ________ division of labor

Back 11

large

Front 12

Name Lenski's 5 types of socieities ...

Back 12

1. hunting-and-gathering
2. simple horticultural
3. advanced horticultural
4. agrarian
5. industrial

Front 13

four basic types of stratification systems in the world ...

Back 13

caste, estate, slavery, class

Front 14

True or false
in open stratificaton systems, nobility is only based off of heredity

Back 14

false

Front 15

true or false
in closed stratification systems, nobility is only based off of heredity

Back 15

true

Front 16

in a _______ system, a person's social status is described at birth

Back 16

caste

Front 17

name india's five castes and examples of them

Back 17

brahman: priests or scholars
kshatriya: nobles and warriors
vaishva: merchants and skilled artisans
shudra: common laborers
harijan: outcasts

Front 18

_____________ was a good example of the estate stratification system

Back 18

europe in the middle ages

Front 19

europe in the middle ages was a good example of the ___________ system

Back 19

estate stratification

Front 20

_________ are opportunities people have to improve their social class status such as education, health and autonomy.

Back 20

life chances

Front 21

life chances are opportunities people have to _______________ such as education, health and autonomy.

Back 21

improve their social class status

Front 22

_________ is defined as having fewer resources than necessary to meet the basic necessities of life

Back 22

poverty

Front 23

poverty is defined as ____________________

Back 23

having fewer resources than necessary to meet the basic necessities of life

Front 24

___________ is the awareness that different classes exist in society and that people's fates are tied to the fates of the whole class

Back 24

class consciousness

Front 25

class conciousness is the awareness that _______________ and that people's fates are tied to the fates of the whole class

Back 25

different classes exist in society

Front 26

class conciousness is the awareness that different classes exist in society and that _____________________

Back 26

people's fates are tied to the fates of the whole class

Front 27

the earliest studies in __________ in america were based on the concept of status — people's opinion of other people.

Back 27

stratification

Front 28

the earliest studies in stratification in america were based on the concept of ______ — people's opinion of other people.

Back 28

status

Front 29

the earliest studies in stratification in america were based on the concept of status — ______________.

Back 29

people's opinion of other people

Front 30

what are the three types of social mobilities?

Back 30

upward, downward, inragenerational

Front 31

a _____________ is one in which some jobs afford upward mobility and others do not

Back 31

split labor market

Front 32

a split labor market is one in which _____________________

Back 32

some jobs afford upward mobility and others do not

Front 33

_________ believed stratification would cause revolution

Back 33

karl marx

Front 34

karl marx believed ___________ would cause revolution

Back 34

stratification

Front 35

karl marx believed stratification would cause __________

Back 35

revolution

Front 36

if the masses are influenced by ___________, they are said to have false consciousness

Back 36

elite ideology

Front 37

if the masses are influenced by elite ideology, they are said to have ______________

Back 37

false consciousness

Front 38

an ___________ is the process by which different racial or ethnic groups form a new group through interbreeding or intermarriage

Back 38

amalgamation

Front 39

an amalgamation is the process by which _______________ form a new group through interbreeding or intermarriage

Back 39

different racial or ethnic groups

Front 40

an amalgamation is the process by which different racial or ethnic groups form a _____________________

Back 40

new group through interbreeding or intermarriage

Front 41

___________ is an assimilation where a minority group loses identity and adopts norms of wasp culture

Back 41

anglo conformity

Front 42

anglo conformity is an ___________ where a minority group loses identity and adopts norms of wasp culture

Back 42

assimilation

Front 43

anglo conformity is an assimilation where a ____________ loses identity and adopts norms of wasp culture

Back 43

minority group

Front 44

anglo conformity is an assimilation where a minority group loses identity and adopts ________________

Back 44

norms of wasp culture

Front 45

TRUE or FALSE?
authoritarian personality theory says someone can be prejudice simply based upon their own personality

Back 45

true

Front 46

a _________ race is one based upon heredity

Back 46

biological

Front 47

____________ is where various ethnic groups maintain their distinctive cultures

Back 47

cultural pluralism

Front 48

cultural pluralism is where various ethnic groups ____________________

Back 48

maintain their distinctive cultures

Front 49

____________ is the legal assignment of kids to school based on race

Back 49

de jure segregation

Front 50

de jure segreation is the __________________________

Back 50

legal assignment of kids to school based on race

Front 51

___________ is a process in split-labor markets where workers are replaced with cheaper labor

Back 51

displacement

Front 52

displacement is a process in ______________ where workers are replaced with cheaper labor

Back 52

split-labor markets

Front 53

displacement is a process in split-labor markets where workers are _________________

Back 53

replaced with cheaper labor

Front 54

_______________ of prejudice is when one group repeatedly fails to attain goals and blames another

Back 54

frustration-agression theory

Front 55

frustration-agression theory of prejudice is when one group ___________________

Back 55

repeatedly fails to attain goals and blames another

Front 56

___________ is the intentional destruction of a racial or ethnic group

Back 56

genocide

Front 57

genocide is the _____________________

Back 57

intentional destruction of a racial or ethnic group

Front 58

a _________ group is one that's subordinate to the dominant group, regardless of the size of it

Back 58

minority

Front 59

a minority group is one that's ___________ to the dominant group, regardless of the size of it

Back 59

subordinate

Front 60

a minority group is one that's subordinate to the dominant group, regardless of _______________

Back 60

the size of it

Front 61

____________ is the degree of intimacy and equality between groups of people

Back 61

social distance

Front 62

social distance is the degree of _____________ between groups of people

Back 62

intimacy and equality

Front 63

__________ are based upon socially-defined groups distinuguished by physical characteristics

Back 63

racial groups

Front 64

racial groups are based upon ________________ distinuguished by physical characteristics

Back 64

socially-defined groups

Front 65

racial groups are based upon socially-defined groups distinuguished by ________________

Back 65

physical characteristics

Front 66

_______ is biological identity, gender is learned behavior

Back 66

sex

Front 67

Sex is _______________, gender is learned behavior

Back 67

biological identity

Front 68

Sex is biological identity, ________ is learned behavior

Back 68

gender

Front 69

Sex is biological identity, gender is ______________

Back 69

learned behavior

Front 70

what are the six agents of gender socialization?

Back 70

parents
childhood play and games
schools
religion
media
pop culture as whole

Front 71

what are consequences of conforming to gender stereotypes from a female standpoint? what about male?

Back 71

Women denied access to power, influence achievement and independence n public

Men denied to emotional, nurturing, emotional worlds that women Inhabit

Front 72

Women earned ____% of males wage in 1960
Today it is 76%

Back 72

59

Front 73

Women earned 59% of males wage in _____
Today it is 76%

Back 73

1960

Front 74

Women earned 59% of males wage in 1960
Today it is ___%

Back 74

76

Front 75

what are four theories on american sexual pay gap?

Back 75

overt discrimination
human capital
dual labor market
gender segregation

Front 76

explain overt discrimination theory in accordance with america's sexual pay gap

Back 76

white men perpetuate advantages over women and minorities

Front 77

explain human capital theory in accordance with america's sexual pay gap

Back 77

age, experience, education, marital status and hours worked influence value in labor market.

Front 78

explain dual labor market theory in accordance with america's sexual pay gap

Back 78

women work in secondary labor market jobs

Front 79

explain gender segregation theory in accordance with america's sexual pay gap

Back 79

sexes work in segregated occupations

Front 80

TRUE OR FALSE
sexual harassment usually occurs in unequal power situations

Back 80

true

Front 81

TRUE or FALSE
sexual harassment never can occur in same gender situations

Back 81

false

Front 82

TRUE or FALSE
Sh happens to both men and women

Back 82

true

Front 83

TRUE or FALSE
Sexual harassment victim has to be object of harassment

Back 83

false

Front 84

who is the sexual harasser?
_________ 1%
Subordinate 2%
Colleague 14%
Superior 78%
Other 3%

Back 84

third party

Front 85

who is the sexual harasser?
Third party __%
Subordinate 2%
Colleague 14%
Superior 78%
Other 3%

Back 85

1

Front 86

who is the sexual harasser?
Third party 1%
_________ 2%
Colleague 14%
Superior 78%
Other 3%

Back 86

subordinate

Front 87

who is the sexual harasser?
Third party 1%
Subordinate ___%
Colleague 14%
Superior 78%
Other 3%

Back 87

2

Front 88

who is the sexual harasser?
Third party 1%
Subordinate 2%
_________ 14%
Superior 78%
Other 3%

Back 88

colleague

Front 89

who is the sexual harasser?
Third party 1%
Subordinate 2%
Colleague ___%
Superior 78%
Other 3%

Back 89

14

Front 90

who is the sexual harasser?
Third party 1%
Subordinate 2%
Colleague 14%
________ 78%
Other 3%

Back 90

superior

Front 91

who is the sexual harasser?
Third party 1%
Subordinate 2%
Colleague 14%
Superior ____%
Other 3%

Back 91

78

Front 92

who is the sexual harasser?
Third party 1%
Subordinate 2%
Colleague 14%
Superior 78%
______ 3%

Back 92

other

Front 93

who is the sexual harasser?
Third party 1%
Subordinate 2%
Colleague 14%
Superior 78%
Other ____%

Back 93

3

Front 94

George mead believed __________ exist and are knowable

Back 94

natural laws

Front 95

america and patriotic was a marker of a __________ campaign speech this past cycle

Back 95

republican

Front 96

issues of the average american was a marker of a _________ campaign speech this past cycle

Back 96

democratic

Front 97

in political survey, each side felt that anything positive was indicative of _____________

Back 97

their own party

Front 98

Social capital relies on ______________

Back 98

global altruism

Front 99

__________ labor market offers high paying jobs and security. the secondary labor market does not.

Back 99

primary

Front 100

primary labor market offers high paying jobs and security. the __________ labor market does not.

Back 100

secondary

Front 101

comparable worth is the belief that jobs with perceived equal value should _________________

Back 101

have the same pay

Front 102

while congress approved the __________________, not enough states ratified it

Back 102

equal rights amendment

Front 103

while congress approved the equal rights amendment, not enough states _____________

Back 103

ratified it

Front 104

Modern societies __________ people on the basis of gender, gender roles, and our concepts of mas­culinity and femininity.

Back 104

differentiate

Front 105

Modern societies differentiate people on the basis of gender, gender roles, and our concepts of _________ and ___________.

Back 105

masculinty, feminity

Front 106

Men have the jobs defined as ______________, regardless of physical attributes.

Back 106

most important

Front 107

In other cultures, the definitions of masculinity and femininity differ, so that men and women occupy ________ very different from those found in the United States.

Back 107

roles

Front 108

According to ________________, women play an expressive role in society, nurturing the family, and men play an instrumental role, providing finan­cially for the family. These roles are changing rapidly, and men and women are sharing roles more often now.

Back 108

structural functionists

Front 109

According to structural functionalists, women play an _________ role in society, nurturing the family, and men play an ___________ role, providing finan­cially for the family. These roles are changing rapidly, and men and women are sharing roles more often now.

Back 109

expressive, instrumental

Front 110

According to ______________, women have been exploited by men throughout history, kept out of the paid work force, or moved in and out of the low­est-paying jobs, as needed by the economy.

Back 110

conflict theorists

Front 111

According to conflict theorists, women have been __________ by men throughout history, kept out of the paid work force, or moved in and out of the low­est-paying jobs, as needed by the economy.

Back 111

exploited

Front 112

Women have been pushed out of the work force when ______________, so their only alternative would be to get married and have babies. Women have also been encouraged to enter the work force when there was a shortage of workers.

Back 112

birth rates were low

Front 113

Women have been pushed out of the work force when birth rates were low, so their only alternative would be to get married and have babies. Women have also been encouraged to enter the work force when ________________.

Back 113

there was a shortage of workers

Front 114

When women enter the work force, it is often to take positions in the growing ______________, where salaries are low, work is often part-time or temporary, and fringe benefits are practically nonexis­tent.

Back 114

secondary labor market

Front 115

Even when women have jobs requiring skills equal to men's jobs, they are not paid for ______________.

Back 115

comparable worth

Front 116

____________ for women is limited first by the inability to move from the secondary work force to the primary work force, and then by the inability to move above the glass ceiling to executive positions. Women are not given positions that provide experi­ence in authority and autonomy and therefore are not eligible for promotion

Back 116

upward mobility

Front 117

Upward mobility for women is limited first by the inability to move from the ___________ work force to the ___________ work force, and then by the inability to move above the glass ceiling to executive positions. Women are not given positions that provide experi­ence in authority and autonomy and therefore are not eligible for promotion

Back 117

secondary, primary

Front 118

Upward mobility for women is limited first by the inability to move from the secondary work force to the primary work force, and then by the inability to move above the glass ceiling to executive positions. Women are not given positions that provide experi­ence in __________ and ___________ and therefore are not eligible for promotion

Back 118

authority, autonomy

Front 119

Women who have families do most of the work __________, whether they are married or not. Their physical and mental health often suffers.

Back 119

at home

Front 120

The women’s movement in ___________ fought for special privileges for women and made significant gains in women’s salaries, child care, and maternity leaves.

Back 120

europe

Front 121

The women’s movement in the ____________ fought for equality and gained the right to vote and to work at a wider variety of jobs, but it divided women because there was no support for women’s family responsibilities.

Back 121

united states

Front 122

The women’s movement in the United States fought for equality and gained the right to vote and to work at a wider variety of jobs, but it divided women because ____________________

Back 122

there was no support for women’s family responsibilities.

Front 123

As a result of all of these discriminating con­ditions, ____ percent of women in the United States suf­fer from poverty when they have children to support.

Back 123

34

Front 124

As a result of all of these discriminating con­ditions, 34 percent of women in the ___________ suf­fer from poverty when they have children to support.

Back 124

US

Front 125

As a result of all of these discriminating con­ditions, 34 percent of women in the United States suf­fer from poverty when __________________.

Back 125

they have children to support

Front 126

In ____________, the father is required to pay only a small portion of the cost of caring for his chil­dren because it is assumed that the mother will pay a share, even if she has custody of the children and a low-paying job.

Back 126

no-fault divorce

Front 127

In no-fault divorce, the father is required to pay only a small portion of the cost of caring for his chil­dren because it is assumed that the _____________________

Back 127

mother will pay a share, even if she has custody of the children and a low-paying job.

Front 128

Women in the United States suffer low _____________ because they get little respect for their family responsibilities.

Back 128

self esteem

Front 129

Women get less than adequate ___________ because women’s reproductive organs are seen as problematic when they are not, and women’s com­plaints about other organs are not taken seriously enough.

Back 129

healthcare

Front 130

A race is a defined group or category of people distinguished by ________________. Throughout history race has been defined in biological, legal, and social terms. An ethnic group is a collection of individuals who feel they are one people because they have unique cultural traits, ascribed membership, and a sense of community, ethnocentrism, and territoriality.

Back 130

selected inherited physical characteristics

Front 131

A race is a defined group or category of people distinguished by selected inherited physical characteristics. Throughout history race has been defined in biological, legal, and social terms. An ethnic group is a collection of individuals who feel they are one people because they have _________________________

Back 131

unique cultural traits, ascribed membership, and a sense of community, ethnocentrism, and territoriality.

Front 132

Racial and ethnic groups are considered minorities when ______________________________

Back 132

they are subordinate to another group in terms of power, social status, and privilege, and when their norms, values, and other characteristics differ from those that prevail in a society.

Front 133

A stereotype is applied to entire groups of people based on ______________. Prejudice is a negative attitude toward an ­entire category of people. A variety of theories have been offered to explain prejudice, including economic and psychological ones. Prejudice often involves acceptance of ethnic stereotypes, widely held beliefs about the character and behavior of all members of a group.

Back 133

a particular belief

Front 134

A stereotype is applied to entire groups of people based on a particular belief. Prejudice is a negative attitude toward _______________. A variety of theories have been offered to explain prejudice, including economic and psychological ones. Prejudice often involves acceptance of ethnic stereotypes, widely held beliefs about the character and behavior of all members of a group.

Back 134

an entire category of people

Front 135

A stereotype is applied to entire groups of people based on a particular belief. Prejudice is a negative attitude toward an ­entire category of people. A variety of theories have been offered to explain prejudice, including economic and psychological ones. Prejudice often involves acceptance of ___________________________

Back 135

ethnic stereotypes, widely held beliefs about the character and behavior of all members of a group.

Front 136

Whereas prejudice is an attitude, discrimination is ________________. It is the categorical exclusion of all members of a group from particular rights, opportunities, or privileges. Merton provides four categories of discriminators.

Back 136

overt behavior on the part of individuals or institutions

Front 137

__________ includes prejudices and discriminatory behaviors based on three distinguishing characteristics: (1) the belief that one's own race is superior to any other race, (2) an ideology, and (3) actions based on racist beliefs. Genocide and mass expulsion are consequences of extreme forms of racism.

Back 137

racism

Front 138

Racism includes prejudices and discriminatory behaviors based on three distinguishing characteristics: (1) the belief that ________________, (2) an ideology, and (3) actions based on racist beliefs. Genocide and mass expulsion are consequences of extreme forms of racism.

Back 138

one's own race is superior to any other

Front 139

Racism includes prejudices and discriminatory behaviors based on three distinguishing characteristics: (1) the belief that one's own race is superior to any other race, (2) an __________, and (3) actions based on racist beliefs. Genocide and mass expulsion are consequences of extreme forms of racism.

Back 139

ideology

Front 140

Racism includes prejudices and discriminatory behaviors based on three distinguishing characteristics: (1) the belief that one's own race is superior to any other race, (2) an ideology, and (3) actions based on ____________. Genocide and mass expulsion are consequences of extreme forms of racism.

Back 140

racist beliefs

Front 141

Racism includes prejudices and discriminatory behaviors based on three distinguishing characteristics: (1) the belief that one's own race is superior to any other race, (2) an ideology, and (3) actions based on racist beliefs. _______________ are consequences of extreme forms of racism.

Back 141

genocide and mass expulsion

Front 142

Racism includes prejudices and discriminatory behaviors based on three distinguishing characteristics: (1) the belief that one's own race is superior to any other race, (2) an ideology, and (3) actions based on racist beliefs. Genocide and mass expulsion are consequences of extreme forms of ___________.

Back 142

racism

Front 143

____________ allocates status on the basis of ethnic or racial membership and is most evident in the different lifestyles and opportunities of different groups. Three conditions necessary for ethnic stratification to occur include ethnocentrism, competition, and inequalities in power.

Back 143

ethnic stratification

Front 144

Ethnic stratification allocates status on the basis of ____________ membership and is most evident in the different lifestyles and opportunities of different groups. Three conditions necessary for ethnic stratification to occur include ethnocentrism, competition, and inequalities in power.

Back 144

ethnic or racial

Front 145

Ethnic stratification allocates status on the basis of ethnic or racial membership and is most evident in the different lifestyles and opportunities of different groups. Three conditions necessary for _____________________

Back 145

ethnic stratification to occur include ethnocentrism, competition, and inequalities in power.

Front 146

____________ may lead to ethnic antagonism. A leading theory of ethnic antagonism, the split-labor-market theory, suggests that conflict results among business ownership and management, higher-priced labor, and lower-priced labor. The basic fear of those in higher-priced labor is of being displaced by the lower-priced labor, which business owners view as one way of reducing costs.

Back 146

inequality

Front 147

Inequality may lead to _________________. A leading theory of ethnic antagonism, the split-labor-market theory, suggests that conflict results among business ownership and management, higher-priced labor, and lower-priced labor. The basic fear of those in higher-priced labor is of being displaced by the lower-priced labor, which business owners view as one way of reducing costs.

Back 147

ethnic antagonism

Front 148

Inequality may lead to ethnic antagonism. A leading theory of ethnic antagonism, the ______________ theory, suggests that conflict results among business ownership and management, higher-priced labor, and lower-priced labor. The basic fear of those in higher-priced labor is of being displaced by the lower-priced labor, which business owners view as one way of reducing costs.

Back 148

split-labor market

Front 149

Inequality may lead to ethnic antagonism. A leading theory of ethnic antagonism, the split-labor-market theory, suggests that conflict results among __________________. The basic fear of those in higher-priced labor is of being displaced by the lower-priced labor, which business owners view as one way of reducing costs.

Back 149

business ownership and management, higher-priced labor, and lower-priced labor

Front 150

Inequality may lead to ethnic antagonism. A leading theory of ethnic antagonism, the split-labor-market theory, suggests that conflict results among business ownership and management, higher-priced labor, and lower-priced labor. The basic fear of those in higher-priced labor is of being displaced by the lower-priced labor, which business owners view as _________________

Back 150

one way of reducing costs.

Front 151

Racial and ethnic inequalities can be resolved through either ______________. Integration involves assimilation, an event that occurs when individuals and groups forsake their own cultural traditions to become part of a different group or tradition. The extent to which integration and assimilation has or has not occurred represents social distance.

Back 151

integration or pluralism

Front 152

Racial and ethnic inequalities can be resolved through either integration or pluralism. Integration involves ____________, an event that occurs when individuals and groups forsake their own cultural traditions to become part of a different group or tradition. The extent to which integration and assimilation has or has not occurred represents social distance.

Back 152

assimilation

Front 153

Racial and ethnic inequalities can be resolved through either integration or pluralism. Integration involves assimilation, an event that occurs when individuals and groups forsake _______________. The extent to which integration and assimilation has or has not occurred represents social distance.

Back 153

their own cultural traditions to become part of a different group or tradition

Front 154

Racial and ethnic inequalities can be resolved through either integration or pluralism. Integration involves assimilation, an event that occurs when individuals and groups forsake their own cultural traditions to become part of a different group or tradition. The extent to which integration and assimilation has or has not occurred represents ______________.

Back 154

social distance

Front 155

Two models of assimilation include ________________. The former means that different groups contribute something of their own culture and absorb aspects of other cultures, with an outcome different from any former groups. The latter, equated with Ameri­canization, means that the minority loses its identity to the dominant WASP culture.

Back 155

the melting pot and anglo conformity

Front 156

Two models of assimilation include the melting pot and Anglo conformity. The former means that _______________________. The latter, equated with Ameri­canization, means that the minority loses its identity to the dominant WASP culture.

Back 156

different groups contribute something of their own culture and absorb aspects of other cultures, with an outcome different from any former groups

Front 157

Two models of assimilation include the melting pot and Anglo conformity. The former means that different groups contribute something of their own culture and absorb aspects of other cultures, with an outcome different from any former groups. The latter, equated with _____________, means that the minority loses its identity to the dominant WASP culture.

Back 157

americanization

Front 158

Two models of assimilation include the melting pot and Anglo conformity. The former means that different groups contribute something of their own culture and absorb aspects of other cultures, with an outcome different from any former groups. The latter, equated with Ameri­canization, means that ____________________.

Back 158

the minority loses its identity to the dominant WASP culture

Front 159

____________ is the physical and social separation of groups or categories of people. It may be de jure, segregation by law, or de facto, segregation in fact.

Back 159

segregation

Front 160

Segregation is the physical and social separation of groups or categories of people. It may be ________, segregation by law, or de facto, segregation in fact.

Back 160

de jure

Front 161

Segregation is the physical and social separation of groups or categories of people. It may be de jure, ______________, or de facto, segregation in fact.

Back 161

segregation by law

Front 162

Segregation is the physical and social separation of groups or categories of people. It may be de jure, segregation by law, or __________, segregation in fact.

Back 162

de facto

Front 163

Segregation is the physical and social separation of groups or categories of people. It may be de jure, segregation by law, or de facto, _______________.

Back 163

segregation in fact

Front 164

____________ refers to a situation in which various racial, ethnic, or minority groups exist side by side but maintain their distinctive cultural patterns, subsystems, and institutions. Resurgence in this idea is evident in the ethnic and other minority emphasis on their native language, customs, and traditions.

Back 164

cultural pluralism

Front 165

Cultural pluralism refers to a situation in which various racial, ethnic, or minority groups exist side by side but _________________. Resurgence in this idea is evident in the ethnic and other minority emphasis on their native language, customs, and traditions.

Back 165

maintain their distinctive cultural patterns, subsystems, and institutions

Front 166

Cultural pluralism refers to a situation in which various racial, ethnic, or minority groups exist side by side but maintain their distinctive cultural patterns, subsystems, and institutions. _____________ in this idea is evident in the ethnic and other minority emphasis on their native language, customs, and traditions.

Back 166

resurgence

Front 167

Cultural pluralism refers to a situation in which various racial, ethnic, or minority groups exist side by side but maintain their distinctive cultural patterns, subsystems, and institutions. Resurgence in this idea is evident in the ethnic and other minority emphasis on their _________________.

Back 167

native language, customs, and traditions.

Front 168

The major racial or ethnic groups in the United States are ________________________. The largest of these groups is the African American. African Americans, with the unique historical fact of slavery, have long been in the process of going through a number of social transitions. Today, most live in metropolitan areas with high population concentrations in northern cities.

Back 168

African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans, and European ethnics

Front 169

Hispanic Americans include those who classify themselves as ____________________. Mexican Americans, or Chicanos, are the largest Hispanic American group and are characterized by strong family ties and large families. A number of social movements have emerged over the past few decades to improve the status and living conditions of this group.

Back 169

Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and South American, and other Hispanics from Spain or other Spanish-speaking countries

Front 170

Numerous other ethnic and other minority groups exist in the United States today. Asian Americans include those with ties to ___________________. Native Americans, the only nonimmigrant group, are often grouped into seven major geographical areas with distinct language patterns and tribal customs.

Back 170

China, Japan, the Philippines, India, Korea, Vietnam, and other Asian countries

Front 171

_________________ (WASP) groups came predominantly from northern and western European countries, while White ethnic groups came predominantly from southern and eastern European countries. Jewish-Americans are basically ethnic in nature, in that they share cultural traits to a greater extent than physical features or religious beliefs.

Back 171

White Anglo-Saxon Protestant

Front 172

__________ develops as a result of the unequal distribution of scarce resources. People are differenti­ated, but not usually ranked, on the basis of many cri­teria: hair color, height, hobbies, or region of the country in which they live.

Back 172

inequality

Front 173

Inequality develops as a result of the _____________________. People are differenti­ated, but not usually ranked, on the basis of many cri­teria: hair color, height, hobbies, or region of the country in which they live.

Back 173

unequal distribution of scarce resources

Front 174

People are ranked, or __________, on the basis of their possession of or access to scarce resources.

Back 174

stratified

Front 175

People are ranked, or stratified, on the basis of their _______________.

Back 175

possession of or access to scarce resources

Front 176

Very simple societies have little ________________. Agrarian and industrial societies have more wealth, greater division of labor, and more stratification.

Back 176

division of labor and little stratification

Front 177

Very simple societies have little division of labor and little stratification. Agrarian and industrial societies have more _____________________.

Back 177

wealth, greater division of labor, and more stratification

Front 178

There are four types of ____________ systems that have existed in the world: (1) In caste systems, positions are assigned at birth, according to the position of the caste, and a person's caste is fixed for life. (2) In estate systems, position is determined by law or through inheritance. (3) In slave systems, position is assigned at birth, and (4) in class systems, found in industrial societies, a person may be able to move into higher or lower strata. Sources of power in a class-based society include class position, status, and party position.

Back 178

stratification

Front 179

There are four types of stratification systems that have existed in the world: (1) In caste systems, positions are assigned at _______, according to the position of the caste, and a person's caste is fixed for life. (2) In estate systems, position is determined by law or through inheritance. (3) In slave systems, position is assigned at birth, and (4) in class systems, found in industrial societies, a person may be able to move into higher or lower strata. Sources of power in a class-based society include class position, status, and party position.

Back 179

birth

Front 180

There are four types of stratification systems that have existed in the world: (1) In caste systems, positions are assigned at birth, according to the position of the caste, and a person's caste is fixed for life. (2) In _______ systems, position is determined by law or through inheritance. (3) In slave systems, position is assigned at birth, and (4) in class systems, found in industrial societies, a person may be able to move into higher or lower strata. Sources of power in a class-based society include class position, status, and party position.

Back 180

estate

Front 181

There are four types of stratification systems that have existed in the world: (1) In caste systems, positions are assigned at birth, according to the position of the caste, and a person's caste is fixed for life. (2) In estate systems, position is determined by ________________. (3) In slave systems, position is assigned at birth, and (4) in class systems, found in industrial societies, a person may be able to move into higher or lower strata. Sources of power in a class-based society include class position, status, and party position.

Back 181

law or through inheritance

Front 182

There are four types of stratification systems that have existed in the world: (1) In caste systems, positions are assigned at birth, according to the position of the caste, and a person's caste is fixed for life. (2) In estate systems, position is determined by law or through inheritance. (3) In _______ systems, position is assigned at birth, and (4) in class systems, found in industrial societies, a person may be able to move into higher or lower strata. Sources of power in a class-based society include class position, status, and party position.

Back 182

slave

Front 183

There are four types of stratification systems that have existed in the world: (1) In caste systems, positions are assigned at birth, according to the position of the caste, and a person's caste is fixed for life. (2) In estate systems, position is determined by law or through inheritance. (3) In slave systems, position is assigned at birth, and (4) in _______ systems, found in industrial societies, a person may be able to move into higher or lower strata. Sources of power in a class-based society include class position, status, and party position.

Back 183

class

Front 184

There are four types of stratification systems that have existed in the world: (1) In caste systems, positions are assigned at birth, according to the position of the caste, and a person's caste is fixed for life. (2) In estate systems, position is determined by law or through inheritance. (3) In slave systems, position is assigned at birth, and (4) in class systems, found in industrial societies, a person may be able to move into higher or lower strata. Sources of power in a class-based society include ____________________.

Back 184

class position, status, and party position

Front 185

Determinants of _____________ within the United States include social class, social status, and power. Many sociologists are using SES to determine class position.

Back 185

class position

Front 186

Determinants of class position within the United States include _______________. Many sociologists are using SES to determine class position.

Back 186

social class, social status, and power

Front 187

Most people identify themselves as middle class, but lifestyles of Americans vary widely, most importantly in terms of ___________________, even within the middle class.

Back 187

occupation, housing, health care, and educational opportunity

Front 188

Life chances for ________________ vary in relation to a ­person’s place in the stratification system.

Back 188

occupations, housing, educa­tion, and medical care

Front 189

____________ is most influenced by struc­tural changes in the workplace. The proliferation and increasing size of large corporations has improved the standard of living for many workers. The segmented or split labor market has limited upward mobility for lower-class people.

Back 189

upward mobility

Front 190

Upward mobility is most influenced by struc­tural changes in the workplace. The proliferation and increasing size of large corporations has ____________ the standard of living for many workers. The segmented or split labor market has limited upward mobility for lower-class people.

Back 190

improved

Front 191

Upward mobility is most influenced by struc­tural changes in the workplace. The proliferation and increasing size of large corporations has improved the standard of living for many workers. The _______________ market has limited upward mobility for lower-class people.

Back 191

segmented or split labor

Front 192

______________ believe that systems of stratification develop because societies need scarce leadership skills and reward those who are willing to assume the responsibility of leadership.

Back 192

structural functionalists

Front 193

Structural functionalists believe that systems of __________ develop because societies need scarce leadership skills and reward those who are willing to assume the responsibility of leadership.

Back 193

stratification

Front 194

Structural functionalists believe that systems of stratification develop because societies need scarce leadership skills and reward those who __________________

Back 194

are willing to assume the responsibility of leadership.

Front 195

_____________ contend that stratification develops because some groups gain a monopoly of the scarce resources through either inheritance or conflict, and they use those resources to maintain their high positions.

Back 195

conflict theorists

Front 196

Conflict theorists contend that stratification develops because some groups gain ___________________, and they use those resources to maintain their high positions.

Back 196

a monopoly of the scarce resources through either inheritance or conflict