Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
This stage in life is a relatively new invention that was born of the Industrial Revolution.
|
Adolescence
|
|
|
The spread of cultural traits from one group to another; includes both material and non-material cultural traits.
|
Cultural Diffusion
|
|
|
This is a society based on large scale plant cultivation that allows for groups of people to live in one place for extended periods of time.
|
Agricultural
|
|
|
What was determined by Chambliss's observation of the Saints and the Roughnecks?
|
Social class affects people's behavior towards them
|
|
|
Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations.
|
Cultural Lag
|
|
|
A society composed of many different groups; ideally the mentality towards these varying groups is that of acceptance and understanding.
|
Cultural Pluralism
|
|
|
Term for the use of objective, systematic observation to test theories.
|
Scientific Method
|
|
|
This theoretical framework looks at society as an organism composed of "appendages" that represent the various institutions in society.
|
Structure Functionalism
|
|
|
Use of one's own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative views
|
Ethnocentrism
|
|
|
Explain the difference between validity and reliability.
|
Reliability is consistency within the experiment, the results are correct. Validity is attempting to measure what you want to measure, results actually apply.
|
|
|
This person came up with psychoanalytic theory and id, ego, and superego.
|
Freud
|
|
|
Behaviors, obligations, and priviledges attached to a status.
|
Roles
|
|
|
Position that someone occupies in a social group
|
Status
|
|
|
System of symbols that can be combined in an infinite number of ways and can represent not only objects but also abstract thought. This is necessary for culture to exist.
|
Language
|
|
|
Microsociological viewpoint that focuses on the interactions between people and how people interpret those interactions.
|
Symbolic Interactionism
|
|
|
What was determined in an experiment by Skeels and Dye regarding the children in orphanages that had frequent interaction with mentally handicapped women?
|
Humans can't fully develop without social interaction.
|
|
|
This person created the stages of development which looked at how the human mind develops from the sensorimotor
|
Piget
|
|
|
Term for attempting to understand a culture on its own terms.
|
Cultural Relatism
|
|
|
This theoretical framework follows the stages of our lives as we go from birth to death.
|
Life course
|
|
|
Was the founder of the conflict paradigm and laid the groundwork for communism.
|
Marx
|
|
|
This person was interested in looking at the relationship between different rates of suicide among different populations in Europe. He was also a structural functionalist.
|
Durkheim
|
|
|
This theoretical framework emphasizes the struggle for scare resources between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie.
|
Conflict Theory
|
|
|
Who came up with the idea of "sociological imagination" which is the ability to think of our world...
|
Mills
|
|
|
Which branch of sociology focuses on the reform of society. Some famous sociologists include W.E.B. DuBois and Jane Addams.
|
Applied Sociology
|
|
|
Determined by observations of Goldberg and Lewis in regards to mothers and their children.
|
Mothers tended to socialize their daughters to be more dependent and their songs to be more independent
|
|
|
Explain the difference between material and non-material culture.
|
Material are physical aspects such as clothes or jewelry. Non-material are values, beliefs, language.
|
|
|
What is understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context.
|
Macrosociology
|
|
|
What did Ralph Linton mean when he said, "The last thing a fish would ever notice is the water."
|
We don't notice that we are socialized.
|
|
|
Consisting of the relationship of people and groups to one another, which gives direction and sets limits on behavior, this is the framework that surrounds us.
|
Social Structure
|
|
|
This term describes when values are inconsistent or are in conflict with one another.
|
Value Contradiction
|
|
|
The debate of which force determines who we become as human beings.
|
Nature v. Nurture
|
|
|
Refers to the norms, values, attitudes and expectations of people "in general,"; the child's ability to take this role is a significant step in the development of the self.
|
Generalized Other
|
|
|
A group of values that seem to be interconnected to one another.
|
Value Cluster
|
|
|
Organized, usual or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs. Ex: family, economy, education
|
Social Institutions
|
|
|
This phrase refers to the norms and values we have internalized from our social group.
|
Culture
|
|
|
Norms that are strictly enforced because they're thought essential to core values of the well-being of the group.
|
Mores
|
|
|
A social condition in which privileges and obligations are given to some but denied to others.
|
Social inequality
|
|
|
Durkheim's term for the interdependence that results from the division of labor, -people depending on others to fulfill their jobs.
|
Organic Solidarity
|
|
|
Norms that are not strictly enforced.
|
Folkways
|
|
|
Term coined by Charles Horton Cooley to refer to the process by which our self develops through internalizing others' reactions to us.
|
Looking Glass Self
|
|
|
Frank is examining the broad stream of events that have occurred over the past 50 years and the specific experiences of his own life. By doing so, what sociological process has Frank undertaken?
|
the sociological imagination
|
|
|
What sociological phrase is used to describe “opening a window onto unfamiliar worlds” and “offering a fresh look at familiar worlds”?
|
the sociological perspective
|
|
|
Based on the theories formulated by Karl Marx, what was the ultimate goal of the proletariat?
|
The Proletariat sought to develop a classless society free of exploitation.
|
|
|
What are the two components C. Wright Mills identified as being fundamental to understanding the sociological imagination?
|
history and biography
|
|
|
Which of the following social scientists serves as the best example of an applied sociologist?
|
W.E.B. DuBois
|
|
|
Based on Emile Durkheim’s research on suicide, which of the following individuals would be the greatest suicide risk?
|
A single Protestant man living in the city
|
|
|
What is the underlying principle of symbolic interactionism?
|
It explains how one's behavior depends on the way they define themselves and others.
|
|
|
What term describes the use of sociology to solve social problems in business, the workplace, and other aspects of society?
|
Applied Sociology
|
|
|
Which sociological perspective views society as being composed of groups that engage in fierce competition for scarce resources?
|
Structural Functionalism
|
|
|
Which sociological perspective stresses that society is a whole unit, made up of interrelated parts that work together harmoniously?
|
Functional Analysis (structural functionalism)
|
|
|
True or False: W. E. B. DuBois and Jane Addams are two early sociologists who would be most appropriately classified as applied sociologists.
|
True
|
|
|
True or False: Subjectivity is a vital component of the scientific method due to the need to be spontaneous, creative, and analytical.
|
False
|
|
|
Which set of concepts best illustrates nonmaterial culture?
|
beliefs, values, norms
|
|
|
Which set of concepts best illustrates material culture?
|
jewelry, art, hairstyles
|
|
|
When sociologists use the phrase the culture within us, what do they mean?
|
Shared and learned ways of believing and doing become taken for granted assumptions.
|
|
|
Anthropologist Ralph Linton made the remark, “The last thing a fish would ever notice would be water.” How does the meaning of this statement transfer to the understanding of culture?
|
Except in unusual circumstances, the effects of our own culture are imperceptible to us.
|
|
|
Mark and Sally went walking in the park. Both of them were wearing nothing on the upper half of their bodies. In American culture, Mark would be violating a ______ and Sally would be violating a ______.
|
folkway; more
|
|
|
Marshall is exploring how the various aspects of the Lenape culture fit together including their religion, family values, agricultural efforts, and customs without judging those elements as being inferior or superior to modern Western ways. In doing so, what sociological practice is Marshall practicing?
|
cultural relativism
|
|
|
In the mid 1960s there was a serious contradiction in social values in America. On one hand, America supposedly stood for freedom, democracy, and equality. But there were still many examples of racism, group superiority, and individualism. As a result of this value contradiction, what was the outcome?
|
It was an impetus for social change.
|
|
|
What term describes a society which is made up of many different religious, racial, and ethnic groups?
|
a pluralistic society
|
|
|
In a four-square block section of midtown Manhattan, it is possible to purchase a bagel with cream cheese, eat stir-fried vegetables prepared in a wok, or dine on raw fish in a sushi bar. What does this range of culinary possibilities illustrate?
|
cultural diffusion
|
|
|
Although personal computers have become efficient, cost effective, and user friendly, many people refuse to learn how to use them. What term describes this reluctance by some people to embrace new technology?
|
Cultural lag
|
|
|
True or False: Promoting humanitarianism and freedom but at the same time exhibiting signs of racism and superiority is an example of a value cluster.
|
False
|
|
|
True or False: The appreciation of other cultures and the desire to judge them based on their unique qualities is ethnocentrism.
|
False
|
|
|
How are cultural relativism and ethnocentrism different?
|
Cultural Relativism is understanding a culture's practices from their perspective, and ethnocentrism is the belief that our culture is the "best"
|
|
|
What was the result of the study conducted by H. M. Skeels and H. B. Dye where they placed an experimental group of mentally challenged babies in an institution to be cared for by mentally challenged adults?
|
The intelligence score of the babies significantly increased when retested two and a half years later.
|
|
|
In the “nature vs. nurture” controversy, which of the following terms least applies to nurture?
|
heredity
|
|
|
Mattie is a new sociology professor at the local college. During her first lecture, she noticed that some students were yawning. Based on her interpretation of the students yawning, Mattie has decided she is a boring teacher. This is an example of the process referred to as _______.
|
"looking-glass self"
|
|
|
According to Charles Horton Cooley, how do we develop our self concept?
|
Our self-concept develops from interaction with others
|
|
|
Based on Piaget’s model, in which stage do children become “young philosophers” who are capable of abstract thinking?
|
the formal operational stage
|
|
|
Dr. Hoohlihan dresses quite professionally when meeting her classes and anytime she is at the university for meetings or office hours. In reality, she is more of a dedicated “earth woman” and enjoys being in blue jeans and t-shirts, working in her garden when at home. In view of this, how would Mead describe Dr. Hoohlihan’s behavior?
|
Dr. Hoohlihan is responding to her generalized others at the university and is concerned about how her students and colleagues view her.
|
|
|
Psychologists Susan Goldberg and Michael Lewis observed the interactions of mothers and children to determine if the children were socialized differently depending on the child’s sex.
|
Mothers unconsciously rewarded daughters for being dependent.
|
|
|
Why do sociologists generally object to the Freudian view of psychoanalytic theory?
|
Sociologists reject the view that inborn and subconscious motivations are the primary reasons for behavior.
|
|
|
What term applies to the gap between childhood and adulthood that was first addressed during the Industrial Revolution?
|
adolescence
|
|
|
What are the stages we pass through from birth to death that include childhood, adolescence, transitional adulthood, the middle years, and the older years?
|
the life course
|
|
|
True or False: Early interaction with other humans is necessary to establish intelligence and the ability to experience close bonds with others.
|
True
|
|
|
True or False: Without language there can be no culture and culture is the key to what people become.
|
True
|
|
|
What is the primary reason for the differences people have in behavior and attitude?
|
their location in the social structure
|
|
|
Bob is conducting research on how con artists hustle their targets and develop special relationships with authorities to avoid prosecution when suspected of fraud. In doing so, what level of sociological analysis would Bob most likely employ?
|
microsociology
|
|
|
What are the behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a position a person occupies in life?
|
roles
|
|
|
Cordell Walker is a Texas Ranger, a husband, a father, a good friend to many, and a martial artist. Together, what term do sociologists use for the titles that apply to Ranger Walker?
|
status set
|
|
|
What term applies to the mechanisms society develops to meet its basic needs, such as family, religion, education, and medicine?
|
social institutions
|
|
|
A[n] ______ designates social position while a[n] ______ designates socially expected behavior.
|
status; role
|
|
|
Which society is given credit for ushering in the “dawn of civilization”?
|
agricultural society
|
|
|
What term describes people who share a culture and territory?
|
society
|
|
|
Who was the sociologist who conducted research on the “Saints” and the “Roughnecks” to demonstrate the need to utilize both macrosociology and microsociology, often in the same study?
|
William Chambliss
|
|
|
What is the basis for referring to the society in which members are interdependent upon one another as being in a state of organic solidarity?
|
Members of the society are like organs of the body, with all organs being needed.
|
|
|
True or False: The Thomas theorem involves the “definition of the situation” based on the subjective feelings that exist in a given scenario.
|
True
|
|
|
True or False: The sociological significance of social structure is that it guides our behavior.
|
True
|
|
|
How would a dedicated biologist and sociologist disagree on the cause of an individual’s behavior and attitude?
|
biologist would look at nature and sociologist would look at nurture
|
