Snc1P - Matter Unit

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Alchemist

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an experimented- part philosopher , part, scientist , part magician ; some alchemists believed that metal could be turned into gold

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Alloy

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A metal made by combining two or more different metals or metals and nonmetals

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Atom

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a particle in an element; from the Greek word atoms meaning invisible

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atomic mass

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the average mass of an atom element

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Atomic number

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the number of protons in an atom

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atomic radius

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the average distance from the nucleus to the "outer edge" of a spherical atom

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Bohr -rutherford diagram

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a diagram , summarizing the numbers and position of all three subatomic particles in an atom , that comprises electrons in a series of concentric circles (energy levels or orbits) drawn around a central nucleus, containing the numbers of protons and neutrons in the element

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Boiling Point

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the temperature at which a liquid begins to boil

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Bond

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a concept used in models that represent the forces that hold atoms together

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Chemical Change

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The alternation of a substance into one or more different substances with different properties

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Chemical formula

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the combination of symbols that represents a particular compound

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Chemical Property

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The characteristic behavior that occurs when one substance interacts with another to become one substance

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Chemical symbol

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an abbreviation for the name of an element

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combining capacity

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the ability of an element to combine with other elements

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Combustible

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The chemical property of a substance that allows it to burn when exposed to flame and oxygen

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Combustion

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The chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen and releases energy

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composite

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a material formed by combining two other materials

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compound

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a pure substance that contains two or more different element in a fixed proportion

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Corrosion

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A slow chemical change that occurs when a metal reacts with oxygen to form oxygen

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Density

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The mass per unit volume of a substance, usually expressed in kilograms per cubic meter or grams per cubic centimeter

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Diatomic Molecule

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A molecule that forms when two atoms of the same element join together

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Ductile

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The physical property of a solid that allows it to be pulled into wires

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Electron

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a negatively charged particle with a relative mass of a botu1 /2000 of the mass of a proton or a neutron

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element

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a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

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Family

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A group of elements in the periodic table arranged in columns, that share similar properties and characteristics

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Flammable

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the chemical property of a substance that allows it to burn when exposed to flame and oxygen

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Hardness

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The physical property of a solid that is the measure of its resistance to being scratched or dented

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heavy metal

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an element that is shiny, malleable, and conducts electricity, is generally solid at room temperature, and has very high density

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heterogeneous mixture

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a substance in which the different components are identifiable and can be separated by physical means

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Homogeneous mixture

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A mixture in which two or more substance mix together so completely that the mixture looks and feels like it is made of only one substance

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Light sensitivity

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the chemical property of a substance that allows it to become a new substance when it interacts with light

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Malleable

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the physical property that allows the shape of a solid to be changed

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Mass Number

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The sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.

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matter

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anything that takes up space and has a mass

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metalloids

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elements that posses both metallic and nonmetallic properties

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Metallurgy

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The technology of separating metals from their ores

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Mineral

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a naturally occurring compound containing metal

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mixture

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a substance that contains 2 different substances

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modern periodic law

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a law stating that elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number reflect a pattern in which similar properties occur regularly

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molecule

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a combination of 2 or more atoms

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Monomer

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one of the individual molecules that make up polymers

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Neutron

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a neutral particle located in the nucleus, or core, of the atom

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ore

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a rock containing a mineral

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Period

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A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table that do not share similar properties

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periodic

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anything that repeats according to the same pattern

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periodic table

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an organized arrangement of elements that explains and predicts and predicts physical and chemical properties

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Physical Change

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a change in the state or form of a substance that does not change the original substance

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Physical Property

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a characteristic or description of a substance that can be used to identify it

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polymer

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a material made of long molecules composed of repeating subunits

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Polymerization

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the process of chemically bonding monomers to form polymers

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Proton

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A positively charged particle located in the nucleus, with a relative mass of 1.

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pure substance

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a substance that contains 1 kind of particle

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Rusting

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an example of corrosion involving iron's reaction with oxygen from air, water, and other chemical substance dissolved in water

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Solubility

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the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent

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Standard atomic notion

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An internationally recognized system used to identify chemical substances.

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structural diagram

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a drawing to explain molecules in which atoms and structural bonds are included

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Subscript

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the small number written after an element, below the line, in a chemical formula to indicate how many atoms of the element are present

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synthetic

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a material that is invented and produced by people.

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Viscosity

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the physical property of a liquid that limits its ability to flow