Small Pleomorphic Gram Negative Bacilli

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Haemophilus group

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Blood loving bacteria; normal inhabitants of the upper respiratory tract

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Haemophilus ducreyi

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Haemophilus group are normal inhabitants of the upper respiratory tract except ????

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Protoporphyrin IX (factor X - hemin)

NAD (factor V)

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Requirements for the growth of Haemophilus

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Haemophilus aphrophilus

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Haemophilus species that does not need growth factor

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Yeast/potato extract

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Supplies NAD

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Staphylococci

Pneumococci

Gonococcus

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Organisms with NAD (factor V)

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SPG

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35-37 deg C at 5-10% CO2

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Preferred incubation in Haemophilus

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Gram (-) coccobacilli or bacilli, NM, NS, facultative anaraerobe, oxidase (+), catalase (+), ferments CHO

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Generel characteristics of Haemophilus group

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Haemolytic reaction on horse blood agar

CHO fermentation test

Growth requirement for X and V factors

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Haemophilus are identified thru: ????

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Haemophilus group

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Fastidious organism like Neisseria

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Polysaccharide capsule

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Virulence factor of Haemophilus influenzae

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Haemophilus influenzae

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#2 cause of otitis media

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Haemophilus influenzae type b

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#3 most common of cause of meningitis in infants

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Mousy odor

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Odor produced by Haemophilus influenzae

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Satellite phenomenon

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There is a luxuriant growth on CAP bc it has factor V

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Fildes enriched

Levinthal agar

BAP

CAP

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Culture media used for Haemophilus influenzae

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FLBC

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Streptococcus pneumoniae

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#1 cause of otitis media

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TSA

GC Agar base (better)

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2 bases of CAP in Haemophilus influenzae

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50 deg celsius

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Temperature to use horse blood (w/ strong factor V)

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56-62 deg C within 5-20 min

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Temperature and time for water bath after putting horse blood in 50 Deg C

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To release factor V (NAD)

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Purpose of water bath in preparing CAP

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Pfeiffer's Bacillus

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Common name of Haemophilus

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Fresh human/sheep not ideal because they contain heat labile V factor inhibitors)

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Why is fresh/sheep blood not ideal to be used in Haemophilus influenzae???

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Because they have strong V factor

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Why is horse blood more preferable that fresh human/sheep blood in growing influenzae????

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Typeable and Nontypeable

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2 Categories of Haemophilus influenzae

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Typeable

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It is a category of Haemophilus influenzae that is based on capsular characteristics

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Types a, b, c, d, e, f

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Serotypes of typeable Haemophilus infuenzae

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Nontypeable

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Category of Haemophilus infuenzae that does not produce capsule

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Nontypeable

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Category of Haemophilus influenzae that causes otitis media and acute bronchitis

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It becomes resistant to ampicillin

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What happens to Haemophilus influenzae when organism produce beta-lactamase enzyme

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Porphyrin test (-)

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Detects enzymes that converts aminolevulinic acid to porphyrins

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Porphyrin test (-)

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It was devised to see detect strains of Haemophilus capable of synthesis of hemin

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Porphyrin test (-)

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Test for factor X dependent

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Laryngitis

Fatal meningitis in children and other pediatric diseases

Otitis media

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Diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae

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Haemophilus aegypticus

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Causes highly communicable conjunctivitis (pink eye)

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Koch-Weeks Bacillus

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Common name of Haemophilus aegypticus

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Haemophilus aegypticus

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Closely resemble Haemophilus influenzae biotype III

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Haemophilus aegypticus

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Causes Brazilian purpuric fever (bacterial) which is affects the children

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Haemophilus parainfluenzae

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Grows on CAP and Horse Blood Agar but not on sheep blood agar

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Haemophilus parainfluenzae

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Normal flora of the mouth and nasopharynx

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Mannose fermentation

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Distinguishing characteristic of Haemophilus parainfluenzae

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Haemophilus haemolyticus

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Mistaken as Streptococcus pyogenes because of its beta-hemolytic activity on BAP

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Haemophilus ducreyi

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Smallest pathogenic bacilli

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Chancroid bacillus/Ducreyi's bacillus

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Other names of Haemophilus ducreyi

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Haemophilus ducreyi

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Agent of sexually transmitted disease-chancroid; Not part of the human flora

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Haemophilus ducreyi

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Causative agent of ulcerative venereal disease, soft chancre/chancroid (genital lesions); painful lesions in the vagina or penis

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Ulcer exudate or bubo aspirate

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Ideal specimens used in Haemophilus ducreyi

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Direct sexual contact

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Mode of transmission of Haemophilus ducreyi

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School of red fish

Fingerprint

Railroad track appearance

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Microscopic appearance of Haemophilus ducreyi

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7 days

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Required incubation for Haemophilus ducreyi

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Lactose and mannose fermentation

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Distinguishing characteristic of Haemophilus paraphrophilus

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Plate the swab immediately within 10 minutes

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In handling Haemophilus or after collection of ulcerative material using cotton swab premoistened with phosphate-buffered saline ........

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Glucose (+)

NO3 reduction (+)

Catalase (+)

Oxidase (+)

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Biotypes I, II, III, IV, V VI are positive in....

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Ulcer should be cleaned with sterile gauze premoistened with sterile saline

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For recovery of H. Ducreyi

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grows best on fresh clotted rabbit's blood

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Where does Haemophilus ducreyi grow best???

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Haemophilus ducreyi

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Very susceptible to drying and temperature extremes

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Coccobacilli or small rods

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Shape of Haemophilus influenzae under gram stain

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Long slender rods

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Shape of Haemophilus influenzae biotype aegypticus under gram stain

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Coccobacilli in rows

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Shape of Haemophilus ducreyi under gram stain

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CAP, Mac Conkey, BAP

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Culture media used in Haemophilus???

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Requires 5-10% CO2 for growth

Small, NS, gram (-) bacilli

Blood (+), Mac (-)

Indole (-) except C. hominis

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Characteristics of HACEK group of bacteria

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Haemophilus aphrophilus

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Cardiobacterium hominis

Eikenella corodens

Kingella spp (Kingella kingei)

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Causative agents of sub-acute bacterial endocarditis

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Haemophilus aphrophilus

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Cardiobacterium hominis

Eikenella corodens

Kingella spp (Kingella kingei)

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HACEK stands for