Slwk230 Chapter 8

Front 1

nonverbal communication

Back 1

communication without words

Front 2

functions of nonverbal communication

Back 2

1. impression management
2. forming and defining relationships
3. structuring conversation
4. influencing
5. expressing emotions

Front 3

four groups of impressions

Back 3

credibility: competency, believability
likability
attractivness
dominance: how powerful the individual is

Front 4

nonverbal communication channels

Back 4

body communication
facial communication
touch communication
paralanguage and silence
spatial messages
artifical communication

Front 5

kinesics

Back 5

the study of communication through body movement; identifies 5 types: emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators, and adaptors

Front 6

emblems

Back 6

substitutes for words; signs for OK, peace, come here, be quiet

Front 7

illustrators

Back 7

make your communications more vivid and help maintain your listener's attention; pointing up and saying "let's go up"

Front 8

affect displays

Back 8

movements of the face that convey emotional meaning; expressions that show anger/happiness

Front 9

regulators

Back 9

monitor, maintain, or control the speaking of another individual; they are culture-bound; they communicate what you expect "i don't believe that, are you sure?" "mmhmm" or "tsk"

Front 10

adaptors

Back 10

satisfy some need and usually occur without conscious awareness
self-adaptors: satisfy a physical need
alter-adaptors: body movements in response to current interactions
object-adaptors: involve manipulation of an object

Front 11

facial management techniques

Back 11

enable you to communicate your feelings to achieve the effect you want:
intensify
deintensify
neutralize
mask
simulate

Front 12

visual dominance

Back 12

most people maintain eye contact while listening and not while speaking, to signal dominance you reverse this; ex: keeping direct eye contact to an employee when reprimanding them

Front 13

civil inattention

Back 13

example: when you see a couple arguing, you say, "excuse me, i didn't mean to intrude"

Front 14

pupillometrics

Back 14

dialated pupils are more attractive than constricted ones

Front 15

tactile communication

Back 15

communication by touch

Front 16

tactile communication

Back 16

communication by touch; most primitive form of communicaiton; aka haptics

Front 17

5 meanings of touch

Back 17

positive emotion
ritualisitic
task-related
playfulness
control

Front 18

touch avoidance

Back 18

tendency to avoid touch from certain people/circumstances

Front 19

paralanguage

Back 19

the vocal but nonverbal dimension of speech; ex sarcasm, infection

Front 20

paralanguage includes vocal characteristics

Back 20

rate
volume
pitch

Front 21

silence

Back 21

communicates just as intensly as anything you verbalize
hurt others
time to think
response to personal anxiety
prevent communication
communicate emotional responses
achieve specific effects
nothing to say

Front 22

proxemics

Back 22

spatial communication
distances:
intimate distance: 6-18"
personal distance: 18"-4'
social distance: 4-12'
public distance: 12-25'

Front 23

protection theory

Back 23

you establish a body buffer zone around yourself as protection against unwanted touching or attack

Front 24

equilibrium theory

Back 24

intimacy and interpersonal distance vary together; greater intimacy/closer distance, lower intimacy/greater distance

Front 25

expectancy violations theory

Back 25

explains what happens when you increase or decrease the distance between yourself and antoher in an interpersonal interaction; each culture has expectancies for the distance people are to maintain in their conversations

Front 26

primary territories or home territories

Back 26

areas that you might call your own (desk, room)

Front 27

secondary territories

Back 27

areas that don't belong to you but that you have occupied (office, classroom)

Front 28

public territories

Back 28

areas that are open to all people (park, mall)

Front 29

markers

Back 29

central markers: placed to reserve a territory for you
boundary markers: divide your territory from others
ear markers: indicate possession (branding a cow)

Front 30

home field advantage

Back 30

when you operate in your own primary territory, you have an interpersonal advantage

Front 31

territoria encroachment

Back 31

status is signaled by the unwritten law granting the right of invasion; higher-status individuals have a "right" to invade the terrtory of lower status persons, but the reverse is not true. ex: boss can barge into manager's office

Front 32

color communication

Back 32

colors affect us physiologically; takes place on many levels

Front 33

cultural display

Back 33

clothing serves to communicate cultural and subcultural affiliations

Front 34

olfactory communication; olfacts

Back 34

when smells are pleasant you feel good about yourself, when they're bad you feel less good; you can smell 10,000 different odors different odors can do different things (lemon-health, lavender-alertness)

Front 35

temporal communication

Back 35

messages communicated by your time orientation and treatment of time

Front 36

chronemics

Back 36

study of the communicative function of time

Front 37

psychological time

Back 37

a person's emphasis on, or orientation toward, the past, present, or future.
past orientation: reverence to the past
present: live in the present and for the present; hedonistic if extreme
future: preparing for the future

Front 38

cultural display rules

Back 38

rules about the appropriate display of emotions in public

Front 39

cultural time

Back 39

formal versus informal time and monochronism versus polychronism; also a culture's social clock

Front 40

monochronic time orientation

Back 40

schedule one thing at a time (USA)

Front 41

polychronic time orientation

Back 41

schedule multiple things at the same time (Latin America)