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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
language
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symbolizes reality
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intensional orientation
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the tendency to view people, objects, and events in terms of how they're talked about or labeled rather than in terms of how they actually exist.
it's when labels are more important than what you're buying |
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extensional orientation
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the tendency to look first at the actual people, objects, and events and then at the labels.
it's the tendency to be guided by what you see happening rather than by the way something or someone is talked about or labeled |
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cultural identifiers
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preferred terms used to identify their cultural origins
ex: boy, girl, gay, lesbians, african american |
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e-prime
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english without the verb be in any form (is, are, was, were, am) without it you describe events more accurately
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allness
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another way in which messages can fail to recognize that language only partially symbolizes reality. the world is infinitely complex, you can never say all there is to say about anything
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nonallness attitude
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if you recognie that there is more to learn, more to see, more to hear, you leave yourself open to this additional information, and you're better prepared to assimilate it
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extensional device
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helps you avoid allness
ex: end each statement with etc. as a reminder that there's more to know |
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fact-interference confusion
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barriers to clear thinking can be created when inferences are treated as facts
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factual statement
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you can observe what is happening -fact
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inferential statement
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a statement that you make solely on the basis of what you observe plus your own conclusions
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pragmatic implications
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an inference that is probably but not necessarily true
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denotation
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objective definition
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connotation
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subjective or emotional meaning
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indiscrimination
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a form of stereotyping, occurs when you focus on classes of individuals/objects/events and fail to see that each is unique and needs to be looked at individually
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index
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a useful antidote to indiscrimination: a spoken or mental subscript that identifies each individual in a group as an individual
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ethnocentrism
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the tendency to evaluate the values, beliefs, and behaviors of your own culture as being more positive, logical, and natural than those of other cultures
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polarization
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the fallacy of either/or; the tendency to look at the world and to describe it in terms of extremes: good/bad, pos/neg
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static evaluation
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when you retain an evaluation, despite the changes in the person or thing
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date
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to guard against static evaluation, mentally date your statements and keep track of progress
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disconfirmation
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a communication pattern in which you ignore a person's presence as well as that person's communications; they basically aren't worth serious attention
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confirmation
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you not only acknowledge the presence of the other person but also indicate your acceptance
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rejection
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you disagree with the person
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sexist langauge
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language that tends to disconfirm members of one gender
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heterosexist langauge
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language that disparages lesbians and gay men
ex: qualifying their description as the "gay doctor" |
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ageism
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discrimination based on age
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