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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 deficit categories for TBI?
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-neurological-physical
-cognitive-intellectual -emotional-behavioral |
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What does the term "the walking wounded" mean?
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many consequences of TBI are not visible
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What are the possible neuro and physical issues associated with TBI?
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-impaired motor strength, control, and coordination
-sensory deficits -speech/swallowing problems -pain -fatigue and sleep disorders |
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What is the most common sensory deficit associated with TBIs?
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loss of smell
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What are characteristics of motor impairments from TBIs?
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-weakness on 1 or both sides of the body (hemiparesis or quadraparesis)
-poor balance -decreased endurance -impaired coordination (ataxia) |
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What are characteristics of post-traumatic epilepsy (seizures)?
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-Mild: tingling, numbness, hallucinations, repetitive/involuntary muscle movements, inattention
-Severe: loss of consciousness, thrashing -over 40 types of seizures |
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T or F: Sometimes seizures appear years after a TBI.
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True (especially common among children)
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What is statical epilepticus?
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seizing will not stop without medical intervention
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Describe conductive hearing loss from a TBI.
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dislocation of bones within middle ear (surgical tx or hearing aid needed)
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Describe sensorineural hearing loss from a TBI.
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damage to vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
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Describe auditory processing disorder from a TBI.
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difficult for people to process and interpret sounds despite normal hearing ability (from damage to pathways carrying auditory info to and from the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebral hemispheres)
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Name common visual problems associated with a TBI.
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-diplopia (double vision)
-anopsia (blindness or partial blindness in visual fields) -problems with depth perception and spatial processing -eye motor control difficulties -photophobia (sensitivity to light) -visual neglect |
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What is anosmia?
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loss of smell (often coincides with decreased taste)
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What tactile information may be damaged due to a TBI?
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pain, touch, and temp sensation loss
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What does decreased proprioception cause problems with?
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problems making smooth and coordinated muscle movements
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What are common speech impairments from a TBI?
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-mutism
-dysarthria -apraxia |
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What can mutism result from?
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-severe cognitive impairment
-severe motor impairment (i.e., locked-in syndrome) |
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Describe sleep disorders and fatigue from a TBI.
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-problems falling or staying asleep
-lack of energy, daytime sleeping, frequent breaks needed, insomnia |
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What type of pain is often associated with TBIs?
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headaches and neck/back pain
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What are common cognitive challenges associated with TBIs?
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-memory impairments
-slowed processing speed -attention deficits -language and comm deficits -impaired executive functioning -decreased IQ -initiation problems |
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What % of survivors complain of persistent memory impairments?
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55-75%
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T or F: Most vocational and educational activities require divided attention.
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False
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T or F: TBI survivors have poor attending behavior.
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Mixed research (may be hypervigilant due to ability to focus on one task without getting bored, but complex tasks may suffer)
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What language impairment can be due to TBI?
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aphasia
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What areas of cognitive-communication may be impaired due to a TBI?
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-attention/concentration
-memory -sequencing events -organizing info -taking listener's perspective -nonverbals -abstract reasoning |
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What refers to the use of multiple aspects of cognition to solve everyday problems?
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executive functioning
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What is the ability to analyze situations both at the face content level and the metaphoric level?
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abstract reasoning
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What is the average drop in IQ following a TBI?
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10-20 pts
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Recovery of IQ: Verbal skills: within normal limits by ___________. Performance skills: within normal limits by__________.
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Verbal: 6-12 months post-injury
Performance: 1-2 years post-injury |
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What are the 2 reasons psychosocial and emotional issues follow a TBI?
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-response to change in ability
-change in balance of chemicals in brain |
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What is disinhibition?
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inability to inhibit one's behavior volitionally
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