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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 classifications of voice disorders?
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-congenital (at birth)
-hyperfunctional (behavioral) -psychogenic (pschological) -organic (neurological) |
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What are the types of congential voice disorders?
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-laryngeal web
-subglottal stenosis -laryngomalacia or chondromalacia |
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What is laryngeal web? and how is it managed?
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congenital voice disorder
-tissue across VFs connecting them -typically due to laryngeal trauma (can occur in adults) -managed: surgically |
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What is subglottal stenosis? and how is it fixed?
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congenital voice disorder
-narrowing of space beneath glottis (due to cricoid or tracheal rings) -will have inhalation stridor -fixed: thru surgery or natural growth |
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What is laryngomalacia or chondromalacia? and how is it fixed?
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congenital voice disorder
-tube telasticity of cartliages of larynx (cartilages are not firm) -will have inhalation stridor -fixed: will take care of itself over time |
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What are te types of hyperfunctional voice disorders (9)?
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-laryngitis
-vocal fold thickening -vocal nodules -vocal polyps and cysts -hemorrhage -contact ulcers -muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) -diplophonia -ventricular dysphonia |
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What are the three types of laryngitis? and which are SLPs involved in the tx of?
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-acute (byproduct of cold/flu; 3-5 days)
-chronic (excessive allergies) -reflux (caused by GERD; can have globus--full feeling-- in VFs) -SLPs only tx reflux (educate pt on how to use voice more efficiently; or just take meds) |
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Describe VF thickening.
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Hyperfunctional voice disorder
-aka reinke's edema and polypoid degeneration -VFs appear swollen due to periodic, chronic abuse -jelly-like appearance -caused by chronic respiratory infections, being in polluted air, and heavy drinking/smoking -initial stage before nodules |
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How is VF thickening managed?
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educate pt on rest, environment, health...
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What is the most common type of voice disorder?
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vocal nodules
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Describe vocal nodules.
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-localized, benign lesions at middle/anterior glottis junction
-commonly bilateral -get firmer over time (more fibrous tissue) -caused from deliberate vocal abuse |
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How are vocal nodules managed?
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-surgically (phonosurgery) if they are firm
-use therapy if still soft |
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What are the 2 types of polyps?
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-sessile (has broad base)
-pedunculated (has a stalk-- can appear in subglottal area) |
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What are polyps? How are they caused? How are they managed?
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-larger fluid-filled region
-caused by momentary vocal trauma (can appear with 1 or 2 traumatic events, unlike nodules) -managed: surgically |
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What is a cyst?
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like a polyp (removed via surgery, due to trauma)
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What is a hemorrhage? and how is it tx?
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-burst of blood vessels on surface of VFs due to trauma
-taken care of surgically |
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Where do contact ulcers appear?
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in posterior 1/3 of VF (near vocal process of arytenoid-- cartilagenous membrane)
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True or false: Contact ulcers are typically unilateral.
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False (usually bilateral)
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What are contact ulcers due to?
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due to purposeful, aggressive, consistent, lower-pitch phonation (more common in men)
-usually occurs with GERD |
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What symptom is present for contact ulcers that is not typical of most voice disorders?
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some pain associated with phonation (side of neck to the ear)
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How are contact ulcers tx?
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raise the pitch and manage GERD
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What is ventricular dysphonia?
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hyperfunctional voice disorder
-just false VFs are vibrating -very harsh voice |
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What is diplophonia?
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hyperfunctional voice disorder
-false VFs are vibrating with true VFs -very rare -hear 2 pitches of voice while person is phonating |
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Describe MTD.
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Muscle Tension Dysphonia
hyperfunctional voice disorder -degree of hoarseness due to muscle tension -typically mild to moderate dysphonia -extrinsic and intrinsic muscle hypertonicity -may complain of soreness/achiness in neck -elevation of laryngeal mechanism *-vocal fatigue (increased talking effort) -tension creates wide aperture in posterior 1/3 of VFs |
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How do you evaluate MTD?
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-feel thyroid notch for elevation
-feel neck for tension -anterior/posterior press on thyroid cartilage to see if voice changes -push down on hyoid to create a better voice -ask about tension/stress in life |
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Are vocal nodules more common in males or females? Why?
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females because often due to yelling and screaming at high pitch levels
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What are the 3 types of psychogenic voice disorders?
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-conversion aphonia or dysphonia
-mutational falsetto or puberphonia -transgender voice problems |
