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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rarefaction
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thinning of air molecules when vibrating object returns to equilibrium
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Aperiodic Waves
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don’t repeat at regular intervals; random and difficult to predict
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Periodic Waves
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repeat at regular intervals
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Amplitude
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strength or magnitude of sound signal
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Intensity
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quality of sound that creates sensation of loudness
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Natural Frequency
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frequency with which a source of sound normally vibrates
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Formant Frequency
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frequency region with concentrated acoustic energy; center frequency of a formant which is resonance
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Fundamental Frequency
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lowest frequency of a periodic wave; first harmonic
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Resonance
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modification of sound by other sources
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Impedance
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acoustic, mechanical, or electrical resistance to motion or sound transmission
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Sinusoidal Motion
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wave with horizontal and vertical symmetry because it contains one peak or crest and one valley or trough; single frequency
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Complex Tone
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two or more sounds of differing frequencies are added; the vibrations are periodic or aperiodic
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Characteristics of vibratory motion
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frequency and amplitude
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F1
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varies mostly as a result of tongue high; 300 - 1000 hz
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F2
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varies mostly as result of tongue advancement; 850 - 2500 hz
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Voice Onset Time (VOT)
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time between release of stop consonant and beginning of vowel
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Harmonic frequency
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whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency; ex. if the F0 is 100 hz the second harmonic is 200 hz, the third 300 hz
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Aperiodicity
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Major acoustic characteristic of voiceless fricatives
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Front vowels characterized by
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High frequency second formant (F2)
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Waveform
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graph of the amplitude of particle movement (vertical axis) as a function of time (horizontal axis)
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Harmonics
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A whole-number multiple of a fundamental component. For human voice, fundamental component is fundamental frequency of vocal cord vibration (125 Hz for men and 225 Hz for women).
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Fundamental frequency of men and women
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Men: 125 hz
Women: 225 hz |
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Whispered speech
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Aperiodic
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Front vowels characterized by
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High frequency second formant (F2)
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Syllabics
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liquids and nasals
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Obstruents
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Affricates, fricatives, stops
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Sibilants
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affricates and fricatives
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Approximants
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glides and liquids
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