Slp Chap 2

Front 1

Developmental Disorder:

Back 1

Occurs shortly after birth or during developmental process (autism, mental retardation)

Front 2

Acquired Disorder

Back 2

Injury that occurs after birth

Front 3

Congenital Disorder

Back 3

Runs in the family. environmental, genetics (clef pallet) Something occurred in developmental process prenatal.

Front 4

Communication disorder:

Back 4

-operates outside the minimal norm of acceptability of one’s culture or language
-is considered disordered by one’s culture or language group
-interferes with communication or calls attention to itself within one’s culture or language group (Taylor, 1986, p.13)

Front 5

SLI (Specific Language Impairment) affects 7% of children (Tomblin et al., 1997)

Back 5

No other development issues other than language.

Front 6

Estimated rant of children exhibiting a language disorder

Back 6

12%

Front 7

Aphasia (Acquired)

Back 7

Damage to language cortex of the brain (Left side) most common cause is stroke. Results in expressive and receptive language deficits.

Front 8

Respiration

Back 8

Breath of air that begins in the lungs (respiration), travels up through the trachea (windpipe), over vocal folds,

Front 9

Phonation

Back 9

Air that travels to the oral and nasal cavities. Production of voice done by the organ known as the larynx.

Front 10

Articulation

Back 10

air that is manipulated by oral articulators- tongue, teeth and jaw, to produce sound.

Front 11

Dysarthria

Back 11

More common in adults. Disorder os speech characterized by slurring, result of muscular weakness. Speech errors are more consistent.

Front 12

Apraxia

Back 12

Motor speech disorder, inability to program your muscles of speech to do what it is you want them to do. NOT caused by muscle weakness. It's a programming issue.

Front 13

Secondary characteristics

Back 13

Things not associated with speech directly. (Head bobbing) Does not work over long terms to help with speech.

Front 14

Voice Disorders:

Back 14

Aphonia: Lack of voice
Dysphonia: Hoarse voice

Front 15

Dysphagia

Back 15

Difficulty swallowing. Often the result of a nervous system dysfunction.

Front 16

Upper respiratory system

Back 16

trachea, larynx, and oral and nasal cavities

Front 17

importance of respiratory system to speech production

Back 17

The exhaled airflow is sent up through the larynx, over the vocal folds and into the oral and nasal cavities to produce speech

Front 18

what is the trachea and where is it located?

Back 18

a tube that runs from the oral cavity down to the lungs where is separates into the two bronchi. Functions to transport air between the environment and the lungs.

Front 19

organs of respiration

Back 19

Lower: lungs, bronchi, and alveoli
Upper: trachea, larynx and oral and nasal cavities

Front 20

muscles of inspiration

Back 20

Lungs??

Front 21

pharynx

Back 21

provides resonating chamber for the airflow.

Front 22

organs of phonation

Back 22

pharynx, larynx and trachea: channels the air supply from the lungs into the oral and nasal cavities

Front 23

abduction

Back 23

vocal folds are a part

Front 24

adduction

Back 24

vocal folds are together

Front 25

Larynx

Back 25

vocal folds in the larynx turn the airflow into voice through their vibration

Front 26

Pitch

Back 26

whereas frequency is objective, pitch is perceptual

Front 27

frequency

Back 27

The number of times the vocal folds vibrate in a second

Front 28

intensity vs loudness

Back 28

intensity is a physical measurement of sound pressure which corresponds to the perception of loudness.

Front 29

How loudness is measured

Back 29

1) the amount of airflow from the lungs
2) the amount of resistance to the airflow by the vocal folds

Front 30

articulators are

Back 30

lips, teeth, hard and soft palates and tongue AND maxilla and mandible (upper and lower jaw)

Front 31

resonance

Back 31

airflows ongoing vibration as it moves through the pharyngeal tract

Front 32

SLI diagnosis

Back 32

after 3rd b-day

Front 33

Profile of SLI

Back 33

a significant impairment of expressive or receptive language and cannot be attributed to any other causal condition. Can be severe or mild, and have different type of language difficulties.

Front 34

cause of SLI

Back 34

no known cause. think it's a genetic and biologic predisposition

Front 35

Pervasive Development Disorder (PDD)

Back 35

children who have severe problems with social interactions and communication and who display repetitive behaviors and overly restricted interests but snot meet criteria for autism, childhood disorder...