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70 Cards in this Set

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Truth
John 14:6, 1 Peter 3:15, 1 Cor. 15:3-19, Ps. 94:10-11
Jesus is the way, the truth, the life and the only way to the Father
Be prepared to make a defense, but in gentleness and respect
If Christ is not raised from the dead, our faith is useless
God teaches a knowledge
Rival Worldviews
!
"Coexist" Discussion
1) Tolerance, accepting/ anti-violence
2) no certain truth
3) kind of person
4) all roads lead to Heaven
5) all religions are wrong
Why study worldview?
1 Peter 3:15**

But in your hearts honor Christ the Lord as holy, always being prepared to make a DEFENSE to anyone who asks you for a REASON for the hope that is in you; yet do it with gentleness and respect
3 Basic Worldview Structures
God, naturalism, pantheism
5 different kinds of theism/supernaturalism (loosely defined)
Abrahamaic Religions, deism, polytheism, animism, others
Abrahamaic religions
claim Abraham as Father
1) Judaism (Isaac)
2) Christianity (Isaac)
3) Islam (claim Ishmael)
Animism
*everything is spirit (tribal religion)
hopeless state; must submit to Satan
Distinguish animism with pantheism!
Deism
a) Jesus not God (impossible)
*supernatural
b) no revelation (impossible)
*supernatural
Judaism
a) Jesus not God (not the Messiah)
*good guy, not God
b) Revelation stops with OT
Christianity
a) Jesus is the third person of the Trinity (God)
b) Revelation continues with Jesus and in the NT
Islam
a) Jesus was a Prophet (not God)
b) New Revelation to Mohammad (Koran)
Church of Jesus Christ Latter Day Saints
a) Jesus was an exalted preexisting Spirit (not God)
b) New Revelations (to Joseph Smith and current prophets)
Naturalism
the only thing that exists is nature
Why did they reject God? (5 premises)
0^3 God (all good, knowing, powerful)
evil exists (scientology)
If God is 0^3, then evil would not exist (not rational)
Varieties of Naturalism
atheism
agnosticism
materialism
nihilism
secular humanism
atheistic existentialism
atheism
does not believe God exists
Agnosticism
I don't know if God exists of not
"I don't care"
Materialism
the only thing that exists is physical

-believe what they can see, touch (inside the box)
-love (emotion) x
no soul (immaterial)
Nihilism
pessimistic atheism
no purpose, no free will, determination until death
Secular Humanism
humans have purpose
human is important
doesn't mean that they are bad
Atheistic existentialism
Nihilism with a little more hope
belief that we can create our own purpose (through our own choice)
we create ourselves not from the outside
I made this choice
key: no one can tell you (judge)
Pantheism
non personal god
piece of identity
not a physical universe; it is spiritual illusion
physical things exist--> theism & naturalism

God = box
*different from other box
Pantheism 1.0 (Eastern Religions)
Monism --all ultimate reality is one
"All is one"
reality is supernatural (non-physical)

god=box
god=universe
god=soul
A few features of monism
1) the soul of each human is the soul of the universe
one big soul (collective soul)
*soul is immaterial

2) oneness with the universe is passing beyond personality
Goal: become one with the universe
How? personality
Why? My personality tells me I am different

3) Oneness with the universe is non-cognitive *irrational
-have to forget all things about myself (personality)
*meditation -> enlightenment-> become one with universe

4) oneness with the universe is beyond good and evil
those are not reality
Pantheism 2.0 (New Age)
merges Monism with Western Individuality
A few additional features of New Age
1) we create our own reality through mental activity
2) a preoccupation with "spiritual"
3) syncretistic
*mix everything together (spiritual tradition) --> mix and match
4) salvation is found "within"
My New Age Relative
they still want to be logical, meditation
Four Tests for Worldviews

p.40
A. Test of Reason
*rational (make sense)
B. Test of Experience
*explain how the world works?
C. Test of Practice
*3 Qs:
1) Theater Line Qs~ cut the line (don't play with atheist)
2) Feed the Children Qs ~ why we want to help
3) Mean rottweiler Qs
D. Test of Scripture
John 18:33-38**
33 Pilate then went back inside the palace, summoned Jesus and asked him, “Are you the king of the Jews?”

34 “Is that your own idea,” Jesus asked, “or did others talk to you about me?”

35 “Am I a Jew?” Pilate replied. “Your own people and chief priests handed you over to me. What is it you have done?”

36 Jesus said, “My kingdom is not of this world. If it were, my servants would fight to prevent my arrest by the Jewish leaders. But now my kingdom is from another place.”

37 “You are a king, then!” said Pilate.

Jesus answered, “You say that I am a king. In fact, the reason I was born and came into the world is to testify to the truth. Everyone on the side of truth listens to me.”

38 “What is truth?” retorted Pilate. With this he went out again to the Jews gathered there and said, “I find no basis for a charge against him.
Truth in the OT
1) 'emet
a) Faithfulness
b) factuality
What is 'emet'?
a) Our God is the God of truth [Isaiah 65:16**] (gives comfort and hope)
b) God's word is true (Psalm 119:142)
Opposite
deceit, falsehood, and error (proverbs 12:17)
contrast: deceive--false witness
Aletheia
a) Factuality ~ truth and rational
b) Completeness
ex) true vine (John 15:11)
What is aletheia?
a) the Word of God is true (John 17:17**) "Sanctify them by the truth; your word is truth."
b) the gospel is true (Ephesians 1:13)
Truth = gospel
3) Opposite: false, imaginary, fallacious, and incomplete (Ephesians 4:25)
Summary
the biblical view of truth is that it is like a rope with several intertwined strands...the full bible concept of truth involves FACTUALITY, FAITHFULNESS, AND COMPLETENESS
The trinity and the truth
A) God the Father is the true God
B) Jesus, the Son, is the Truth
**John 14:6 [I am the way, the truth, and the life]
C) Holy Spirit is the Truth or the Spirit of the truth
I John 5:6
Acts 5**
Why? lie to Holy Spirit
Problem: lie (Satan filled their heart because they are walking in the dark)

To lie--open the door for satan -- spiritual cost
POINT: walk in truth
Philosophy
!
Logic
we use logic everytime we use reason
the proper use of our reason
Metaphysics
ontology
reality, what exists?
Epistemology
When I start asking about knowledge
what is knowledge?
Propositional truth
1) truth is a relationship between propositions and reality
2) proposition = truth [claim] ~ declaring something
claiming something to be true even if it is not true
command-Edwin shut the door!
Proverbs 1 & 2**
1) The beginning of knowledge (1:7)
fear of the Lord; God related to knowledge
2) the source of knowledge (2:5-6)
the mouth of the Lord - comes from God
John 9**
1) Knowledge is a process
Jesus comes to divide (judgment)
blind man
didn't know anything
in the middle, God answers
God->prophet
The texas two-step
step 1: something is either T or F in reality (metaphysics)
step 2: someone may know if it is T or F (epistemology)
Propositions
1) objective
2) true of false in reality
3) our paradigm proposition
"There's a burger in the sack!"
Beliefs
1) to believe something is to "hold it to be true"
2) What is it that you believe? I believe that...
3) Who generates beliefs?
People, human, subject
True and False Beliefs
1) are all your beliefs true?
2) problem? We don't know which one is true, but...
3) reasonable belief-a belief with evidence
4) we can know if beliefs are reasonable
*they saw it
Knowledge in Epistemology
a. We know something if
1) we believe it
2) it is true
3) is it reasonable (evidence)
justified reason to be true

How do we know it is reasonable? Experiences?
Philosopher=what if I'm dreaming?
We do not need
1) Certainty
2) Scientific evidence
Implications
A. Epistemological humility--I could have false eliefs
B. Confidence in the gospel
C. Hierarchy of beliefs
1 Corinthians 2:1-2**
"And I, when I came to you, brothers, did not come proclaiming to you the testimony of God with lofty speech or wisdom. For I decided to know nothing among you except Jesus Christ and him crucified."
What postmodernism looks like:
style more important than substance
non-linear storytelling-->stories out of sequence
disregard for historical accuracy (bringing back to own context)
yet, interest in "sampling" things from the past
high value for artistic expression
priority on the individual in community
emphasize uncertainty and obscurity
postmodern speak -- not clear
DeWeese's 3 senses of postmodern
1) postmodernism as worldview
2) postmodernism as culture
3) postmodernism as style
Postmodernism and Truth
A. rejects the existence of any trans-cultural standards
B. rejects correspondence theory of truth
C. rejects objective reality
D. rejects the Texas 2-step
Postmodernism and hermeneutics
A. rejects any fixed meaning for a text
b. rejects authorial intent
Implications of postmodernism
A. positive
1. corrects modernism's overemphasis on reason
2. recognizes that knowledge is hard to obtain

b. negative
1. goes too far
2. incompatible with Christianity
postmodern truth incompatible with Christianity
1) the gospel is a metanarrative
2. the bible has a fixed meaning
1 Corinthians 15:3-4**
"For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures, that he was."
*Christianity is based on historical fact
1 Corinthians 15:17**
"And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile and you are still in your sins."
3 solutions to the epistemological barrier
A. human action
1) reason is able to penetrate the barrier
2) examples: Plato, Descartes, Kant, etc.
b. skepticism or postmodernism
1) reason is not able to penetrate the barrier
2) examples: Zeno, Nietzche, Rorty
c. divine action
1) God alone is able to penetrate the barrier
2) Examples: Augustine, Malebranche--> dissertation Oakes
every knowledge is from God
God choose to reveal
Psalm 94:10-11**
"Does he who disciplines nations not punish? Does he who teaches man lack knowledge? The LORD knows the thoughts of man; he knows that they are futile."
God's two books
Scripture and Nature
Ch. 7
Cosgrove
What do naturalists say that all reality is? How is naturalism related to determinism? What is determinism?
All reality is natural and there is no supernatural. Because everything is natural, all matter is determined because every effect there is a prior, physical cause.
Should Christians reject 100 percent of naturalism?Naturalism becomes most problematic when it is added to what?
No; when they ignore the fact that there is a material world out there
Explain the problem with the "is = ought" ethic?
Anything that has survived until today is morally okay; naturalists looked at the past to see which behaviors have survived until now and thought them as morally good
What is the epistemological crisis of naturalism?

p.96!
If all matter is determined, there is no discovery of absolute truth because we are determined since we can never know that it was not our environment/brain chemistry that led us to believe certain things