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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
abduction
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open
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adduction
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closed
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phonation
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production of speech sounds
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articulation
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the act of forming words for speech
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frequency of a sound
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rate of vocal fold vibration (pitch)
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fundamental frequency
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basic vibratory rate of the vocal folds (in Hertz) changes as we age especially between birth and puberty.
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Aphonia
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total loss or lack of voice
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dysphonia
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a voice that is disordered in some way
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vocal nodule
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from vocal abuse, small bilateral growths on vocal cords, acute nodules-red.. can harden and thicken over time (fibrose) which becomes a chronic condition (white) hoarse and breathy voice quality. voice therapy first choice of treatment
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granuloma
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inflammation on the posterior aspect of the vocal folds. Results from vocal abuse, acidic irritation due to chronic reflux or intubation. Low pitched, breathy voice quality.. Surgery first choice of treatment.
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vocal polyps
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middle of vocal folds, uni, or bilateral, many require surgical excision
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spasmodic dysphonia
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affects motor control of larynx, results in intermittent voice stoppages. Jerky, grunting, squeezed voice quality, adductor type more common.
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hyperfunctional voice disorder
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vocal folds are overly tense and compress too tightly together. Too loud, too high, and/or too strained.
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hypofunctional voice disorder
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vocal folds are under functioning and have inadequate tension so air escapes through. Breathiness or hoarseness, or no voice at all.
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What are the positions of the vocal cords during respiration?
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open (adduction)
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What are the positions of the vocal cords during quiet breathing?
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Open (adduction)
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What are the positions of the vocal folds during swallowing?
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Closed (abducted)
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What are the positions of the vocal folds during speaking?
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Both (abducted and adducted)
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What are three characteristics that define voice?
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Frequency, Intensity, and Quality.
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Why do men have lower fundamental frequencies compared to women?
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Men have longer vocal cords than women
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What determines the fundamental frequencies of one's voice?
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vocal cord length, mass, and tension.
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What changes occur in fundamental frequency of men and women with aging?
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Female's pitch lowers, Men's get higher.
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Could having a voice disorder affect one's fundamental frequency?
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Yes, added mass or tension.
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What determines one's vocal intensity
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amount of airflow from lungs, amount of resistance to the airflow by the vocal cords.
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What aspects of vocal folds vibration affect perceived voice quality?
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Symmetry of vocal folds produces a pleasant and clear voice. Asymmetry affects voice quality.
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What is most common voice disorder of children?
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overuse or misuse of voice
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What's the difference between a granuloma and vocal nodules?
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granulomas are inflammation on the posterior aspect of the vocal folds and surgery is often the first choice of treatment. Vocal nodules are small bilateral growths or projections on the vocal folds and voice therapy is first choice.
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What are five different etiologies of voice disorders?
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1. Vocal Abuse (polyps, nodules, granulomas) 2. Aging 3. Neurogenic Disorders (paralysis, spasmodic dysphonia, parkinson's disease) 4. Psychogenic disorders 5. Laryngeal Cancer
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Damage to what nerve can cause vocal fold paralysis?
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Vagus Nerve
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What are the symptoms of spasmodic dysphonia?
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Jerky, Grunting, Squeezed voice quality. Adductor type-most common, voice is strangled, strained, and squeezing. Abductor type-less common, voice is breathy and open.
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What are psychogenic voice disorders?
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Nonorganic disorders, results from emotional or psychological characteristics. No growth on larynx.
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What is a laryngectomy?
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Removal of larynx following laryngeal cancer or laryngeal trauma.
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What is a tracheostomy?
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When respiratory system is compromised and mechanical ventilation is needed. Tube is inserted through neck to direct air into the lungs.
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What are the consequences of a laryngectomy for voice production?
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Must speak without using larynx.
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What are the consequences of a tracheostomy for voice production?
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Unable to talk because air is not going over vocal cords.
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