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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three brain states?
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Wake
NREM (idle brain in movable body) REM (hallucinating brain in paralyzed body) |
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What type of thought occurs in SWS (slow wave sleep)? REM?
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Logical
Illogical, bizzare |
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What type of movement is experienced in NREM? REM?
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episodic, involuntary
commanded but inhibited |
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How does brain activity vary in the different brain states? EEG
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wake: relatively flat (highest freq., low amp.)
NREM: sporadic, high amp. REM: lower amp., de-synchronized |
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In which state is there no thermoregulation, body temperature drops?
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REM
low but regulated in NREM |
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Which state shows sympathetic activity, highest brain metabolic rate, high brain temperature?
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REM
NREM is parasymp. - low bp and hr |
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Which state has reduced muscle tone; few, slow eye movements?
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NREM
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Which state has paralyzed, profound atonia, except rapid extraocular contractions, middle ear, diagram muscles move?
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REM
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What state do you usually wake from?
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REM
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What is the course of stages throughout a night of sleep?
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gradually stepping down (in body functions); REM episodes last longer as progress through night; NREM stages become shorter
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* What three NTs regulate sleep and what/where are their nuclei?
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Serotonin: raphe nuclei
NorEpi: locus coeruleus ACh: |
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* what happens to the raphe and locus coeruleus during REM?
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They become INACTIVE
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What role does Serotonin play in sleep regulation? NorEpi?
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Serotonin: promotes sleep
NorEpi: promotes arousal |
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* What role does ACh play in sleep?
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promote REM
and |
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In general where are all the sleep regulatory NTs from?
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the brainstem (reticular core)
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where do you see sleep-onset REM?
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narcolepsy
also persistent daytime sleepiness and cataplexy (sleep paralysis) |
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what do defects in Hypocretin/Orexin receptors or their neurons cause ?
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Narcolepsy
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What neurons are narcoleptics deficient in ?
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hypocretin
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what is nocturnal myoclonus?
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restless leg syndrome
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* What controls the master circadian clock? general and specific
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SCN in hypothalamus
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what activates the SCN?
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light
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** what do you call a high amplitude, low freq. EEG?
low amp., high freq.? flat |
synchronized (eyes closed) -- NREM
desynchronized (eyes open) -- awake and REM isoelectric |
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** Is SWS or REM more restful?
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SWS
alcohol can lead to excessive REM |
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hypersomnia
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excessive sleep
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what are two causes of sleep apnea?
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central origin
or mechanical collapse of upper airway during profound muscular relaxation of REM |
