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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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why do we sleep?
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because we get sleepy
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what is the definition of sleep?
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a behavioral state characterized by very little physical activity and almost no awareness of the outside world
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what are the 2 types of sleep?
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- REM sleep (rapid eye movement)
- NREM sleep (non-rapid eye movement) |
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what are delta waves?
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waves produced on an EEG during NREM stages 3 and 4 that are the slowest and have the highest amplitudes of all sleep waves
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how much sleep does a person need?
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this varies from person to person but average is 8 hours per night
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where is the principle site of obstruction of the upper airway in sleep apnea?
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oropharynx
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when does an apneic episode begin?
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at the end of expiration
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what is the biggest risk factor for developing obstructive sleep apnea?
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obesity
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what is the gold standard for diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea?
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polysomnography
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what is sleep apnea?
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a condition of frequent episodes of breathing pauses in sleep
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what are the consequences of sleep apnea?
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- cardiovascular, esp. systemic and pulmonary hypertension
- Neuro-cognitive esp. daytime sleepiness and depression |
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T or F; patients with sleep apnea have no appreciable increase in risk for having a myocardial infarction.
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false, they have a much high risk
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T or F; the longer we sleep, the shorter and less often our REM cycles are.
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false; the longer we sleep the longer and more frequent our REM cycles are
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when a patient falls asleep he has periods of no airflow but respiratory movements continue. what kind of sleep problem does he have?
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obstructive sleep apena
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when a patient falls asleep she has no airflow and respiratory movements are absent. what kind of sleep problem does she have?
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central sleep apnea
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when a patient falls asleep he has peroids of no airflow and respiratory movements are absent. these are followed by periods of no airflow but respiratory movement present. what kind of sleep problem does he have?
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mixed sleep apnea
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name some behavioral treatments for obstructive sleep apnea?
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- attain ideal body weight
- sleep on side - avoid alcohol before sleeping - elevated the head of the bed - avoid large meals before bedtime - stop smoking |
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how do oral appliances help sleep apnea?
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some people have apnea because they have anatomical obstruction of the oropharynx (i.e. the mandible is set too far back). oral appliances move structures to clear the oropharynx in people who have anatomical causes of sleep apnea
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what is CPAP?
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continuous positive airway pressure
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how does CPAP work?
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under normal conditions you have a negative pressure in the oropharynx that collapses the airway. the CPAP machine creates a positive pressure in the oropharynx to prevent the airway from collapsing.
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what are some of the more serious outcomes of sleep apnea?
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- hypertension
- stroke - cardiovascular disease - depression - decreased quality of life - daytime sleepiness |
