Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Describe physiology of sleep
|
Sleep is controlled by circadian rhythm. There are 2 parts: NonREM (quiet sleep) and REM sleep (active sleep). Sleepers alternate btw. these two phases of sleep 4-6 times each night.
|
|
|
Describe how sleep affects cardiovascular, CNS, and pulmonary systems
|
In the 4 stages of Non REM sleep, breathing, BP and blood to brain decrease gradually and reach their lowest levels @ 4th stage. In REM sleep, BP, breathing,& pulse all increase in activity.
|
|
|
Describe what occurs in snoring an in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
|
Snoring occurs due to partial obstruction of the airway causing shallow breathing and vibration of throat. When tissues of throat collapse completely and block airway, sleep apnea occurs.
|
|
|
What are the signs and symptoms of sleep apnea?
|
They include excessive daytime sleepiness, morning headaches, irritability, decreased mental or emotional functioning. In children, frequent awakenings, restlessness, enuresis also occurs.
|
|
|
What are some Ds studies used in eval. sleep apnea & when are they indicated?
|
Indications for Dx studies: adult comorbidities (HT, HT, HF, DM), & also in children w/ ADD problems and failure to thrive. Dx studies: PE & Polysomnography (gold standard).
|
|
|
What are some less invasive modalities used to Tx sleep apnea?
|
Include nasal strips, wt. loss, avoiding meds that exaccerbate condition, CPAP, BiPAP, Automatic Titrating CPAP, MAD, Oral/dental splints.
|
|
|
What are some meds that may alleviate sleep apnea symptoms?
|
Meds: Thyroid hormone in pts w/ hypothyroidism, theophylline in CHF pts, Omeprazole for pts w/ GERD, Modafinil used for narcolepsy, & Fluticasone (nasal steroids).
|
|
|
What are some surgical Tx opitons for sleep apnea?
|
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, Tracheostomy, LAUP, RAdiofrequency ablation, genioplasty, hyoid surgery, surgery for nasal obstruction, Adenotonsillectomy and Rapid Maxillary Expander.
|
|
|
What are indications for specialist referral?
|
If pt is not improving w/ conservative, noninvasive Tx, it is time to refer.
|
