Sleep And Dreams Midterm

Front 1

Perceptual Disengagement

Back 1

First defining step of sleep, person does not respond much to stimuli.

Front 2

Reversibility

Back 2

Defining step of sleep. Ability to be woken up with stronger stimuli.

Front 3

REM sleep

Back 3

One of two fundamental sleep states. Shorter one. Characterized by dreaming, rapid eye movement, active brain wave patterns, loss of muscle tone, irregular heart rate, irregular breathing.

Front 4

Non-REM sleep

Back 4

Longer fundamental sleep state. Lacks rapid eye movement, unique brain waves are present. Breathing, heart rate, are more regular.

Front 5

Circadian Rhythm

Back 5

Human functions, including sleep, function on a scale that adds up to 24 hours.

Front 6

Suprachiasmatic nuclei

Back 6

Biological clock.

Front 7

Polysomnography

Back 7

Continuous recording of multiple variables throughout the night.

Front 8

EEG

Back 8

measurement of surface brain waves

Front 9

EOG

Back 9

recording eye movements

Front 10

EMG

Back 10

recording muscle activity

Front 11

EKG

Back 11

measuring heart rate and rhythm

Front 12

Scanning hypothesis

Back 12

Theory that eye movement that occurs during REM sleep comes from "scanning" of dream world

Front 13

REM sleep

Back 13

Active suppression of motor function occurs. Proven by frequent interrupting moving limb. Paralysis occurs for two hours a night. Mental activity is at a very high level.

Front 14

Non-REM sleep

Back 14

Passive suppression of motor function occurs.

Front 15

N1 stage of NREM

Back 15

Transition from wakefulness to sleep.

Front 16

N2 stage of NREM

Back 16

K-complex waves occur

Front 17

N3 stage of NREM

Back 17

slow wave sleep, delta sleep.

Front 18

Sleep onset

Back 18

Slow eye movement, perceptual disengagement, retrograde amnesia, hypnagogic imagery.

Front 19

Sleep starts

Back 19

Sleep movements, jerks.

Front 20

REM sleep waves

Back 20

Alpha (quiet wakefulness), saw-tooth (differentiate REM from N1 NREM)

Front 21

Sleep homeostasis

Back 21

Tendency to fall asleep increases as we sleep less.

Front 22

Sleep need

Back 22

How much sleep a person needs

Front 23

Sleep drive

Back 23

Increased motivation to sleep

Front 24

Clock-dependent alerting

Back 24

Feeling more/less energetic based on need to sleep.

Front 25

Opponent process model

Back 25

Coexistence of mechanism to keep us awake and mechanism to make us sleep (clock dependent alerting vs sleep homeostasis)

Front 26

MSLT

Back 26

Measures how long it takes for a person to fall asleep. Patient given comfortable, predictable sleep environment. 5 scheduled naps are measured, 20 mins to fall asleep for 15 mins.

Front 27

MWT

Back 27

Measures if a patient can stay awake, opposite of MSLT

Front 28

Free-running

Back 28

Circadian rhythm when person does not see light changes, etc.

Front 29

CLOCK

Back 29

Gene that contains DNA that creates mRNA. Ticking of bio clock based on how fast this occurs.

Front 30

Hypocretin

Back 30

Neurotransmitter that promotes wakefulness

Front 31

Subjective sleepiness

Back 31

Not everyone feels the same fatigue

Front 32

Microsleep

Back 32

When temptation cannot be resisted, one closes eyes and briefly dozes off.

Front 33

Stanford Sleepiness Scale

Back 33

Self rating level of sleepiness test.

Front 34

Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Back 34

Another test, way of quantifying own sleepiness

Front 35

Levels of Alertness (3 levels)

Back 35

1, most energetic. 3, least energetic.

Front 36

Sleep inertia

Back 36

Not possible to get too much sleep, but this causes the feeling that one has gotten too much sleep.

Front 37

Zeitgebers

Back 37

External stimuli that kind of resets biological clock

Front 38

Psychomotor vigilance task

Back 38

Tells reaction time, speed based on sleep deprivation.

Front 39

Sleep crisis

Back 39

When situation is getting out of hand due to sleep deprivation.

Front 40

Sleep inertia

Back 40

Feeling of fatigue immediately following waking up, often from a nap.

Front 41

Jet lag

Back 41

Interruption of sleep habits due to change in time zone. Takes 1 per time zone to adjust.

Front 42

Alcohol

Back 42

Interferes with sleep in a negative way.

Front 43

Sleeping pill

Back 43

Medicine that induces sleep, can be dangerous because effects can last too long.

Front 44

Shift work

Back 44

This type of work can ruin a person's sleep schedule because of shift rotation.

Front 45

Dreams

Back 45

Original belief was that they were religious experiences. A lot about them in religious texts. Discontinuous from one to the other. 20% of the entire night.

Front 46

Consciousness

Back 46

When mind is aware.

Front 47

fMRI

Back 47

Can potentially be used in the future to decode a person's dreams.

Front 48

Hypnagogic imagery

Back 48

Vivid imagery associated with the onset of sleep.

Front 49

Hypnic jerks/sleep starts

Back 49

Awakening startle, feeling of falling, after sleep onset.

Front 50

Psychophysiology of dreaming

Back 50

Relationship between mental and physical activities during dreaming.

Front 51

Nathaniel Kleitman

Back 51

Graduate student dement worked with when he was a youngster.

Front 52

Active motor atonia

Back 52

Aspect of REM that prevents sleeper to get up and act out dream.

Front 53

Repression hypothesis

Back 53

Says that people are worse at reporting dreams that are obnoxious, shameful.

Front 54

Salience hypothesis

Back 54

Says that dreams are so personally impactful that we cannot forget them.

Front 55

Interference hypothesis

Back 55

Says that if a sleeping person is awoken with a distracting question, they will not recall dream.

Front 56

Free-association

Back 56

Psychoanalyst interprets associations patient makes based on this reflection of dreams.

Front 57

Manifest content

Back 57

Overt content of dream. Connected to latent content by condensation.

Front 58

Latent content

Back 58

Dreams driven by hidden wishes. Connected to manifest content by condensation.

Front 59

Collective unconscious

Back 59

Carl Jung theory

Front 60

Hobson-McCarley theory

Back 60

Dreams are kind of random responses to signals, antithesis of theories by Freud and Jung.

Front 61

Lucid Dreaming

Back 61

When a dreamer is aware that he is dreaming. Takes place during second half of night during REM.

Front 62

Stephen Leberge

Back 62

Guest lecturer about lucid dreaming.

Front 63

Narcolepsy

Back 63

Autoimmune disorder when person falls asleep at random, uncontrolled times. Manifestation of REM sleep in an abnormal manner.

Front 64

Cataplexy

Back 64

Main symptom of narcolepsy. Loss of muscle tone, sometimes characterized by laughter.

Front 65

HLA

Back 65

Variant of this antigen present in people with narcolepsy.