Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What properties of water do temperature affect?
|
– density, viscosity, surface tension, oxygen
saturation – metabolism of aquatic life, decomposition |
|
|
What are the three important thermal stratification regions in still water bodies?
|
Epilimnion - a well-lit, wind-stirred upper
stratum – primary production dominates Thermocline - maximum rate of change in temperature Hypolimnion - a darker, stagnant region |
|
|
What is the pH of rainwater?
|
5.64
|
|
|
What is the lethal to life water pH range?
|
Lethal: pH<5.5 and pH>9.5
|
|
|
Why is pH significant?
|
-some organisms have a wide pH tolerance
-pH may limit animal distribution -means of detecting serious problems - mining wastes, acid rain, runoff etc |
|
|
What are some factors that affect pH?
|
-photosynthesis
-bicarbonate/co2 from the substrate -High levels of dissolved organic matter reduces pH - |
|
|
How many ppt of salt ions are there in the world avg fresh and sea waters?
|
Fresh - <3
Sea - 35 |
|
|
Does salinity increase as you move up or downstream?
|
downstream
|
|
|
What is conductivity?
|
The concentration of dissolved ions in water
|
|
|
What is conductivity measured in?
|
micro siemens per cm
|
|
|
What are the origins of the ions in water?
|
rock weathering, atmospheric wet and dry sources, balances betwen precipitation and evaporation
|
|
|
What factors decrease DO?
|
increase in temperature
increase in salinity dissolved organic matter |
|
|
What factors increase DO?
|
presence of plants
fast moving, turbulent water |
|
|
What is DO most dependent on?
|
temperature, the higher the temp the less DO
|
|
|
With a cloudless sky, what affects the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground/water?
|
latitude
altitude season time of day transparency of the atmosphere |
|
|
What is the littoral zone?
|
extends from the
shore at the highest water to the lowest extent of the photic zone |
|
|
What are the features of the littoral zone?
|
Coarse sediments – habitat complexity
High rates of photosynthesis Producers, consumers and decomposers present Often the most taxonomically rich zone – greatest diversity |
|
|
What is the profundal zone?
|
below the littoral zone extending to the
lake bed Generally poorly lit Much finer sediments than the littoral zone Decomposers predominate in the deeper regions of the lake Respiration dominates Least taxonomically rich zone |
|
|
What is the limnetic/pelagic zone?
|
open water beyond the littoral
zone includes part of the photic zone Photosynthesis takes place – lower rates than in the littoral zone Taxonomic richness > than in the profundal zone, but < littoral zone Producers and consumers dominate |
|
|
What are the limitations of physico chemical measurements?
|
– single samples from a particular site on a regular basis
– they don’t take into account the spatial and temporal variability of aquatic environments – measurements are highly specific – they don’t pick up any unpredicted pollutants or effects – can’t detect possible synergistic effects of contaminants |
|
|
What are the advantages of macroinvertebtrates in bio-monitoring?
|
1. Ubiquitous – can be affected by changes in
conditions in many aquatic ecosystems 2. Large number of species offers a range of responses to various environmental stresses 3. Sedentary nature allows effective spatial analyses of pollutant or disturbance effects 4. Comparatively long life cycles – temporal changes can be determined Macroinvertebrates act as continuous monitors of the water they live in – long-term analysis of: both regular |
|
|
What are the two main types of macroinvertebrate consumers?
|
grazers - eat green plants
predators - eat other animals |
|
|
What are the two groups that macroinvertebrates can be grouped into based on diet?
|
generalists - eat a variety of prey
specialists - small range of prey |
|
|
Define human dimensions research.
|
‘How people value wildlife, how they
want wildlife to be managed, and how they affect or are affected by wildlife and wildlife management decisions.’ (Decker et al. 2001) |
|
|
Why are the human dimensions important?
|
Values> Attitudes >behaviours
Education, management, policy, legislation |
|
|
Why are human dimensions important for environmental sustainability?
|
• Sustainability indicators (Wallis et al.)
• Water saving behaviours (Graymore et al.) • Landholder attitudes/knowledge (James et al.) |
|
|
Why are human dimensions important for marine and coastal?
|
• Attitudes toward marine protected
areas (Wescott et al.) • Beach use (Weston et al.) • Estuary management (Arundel et al., James et al.) • Community‐based monitoring (Koss et al.) |
|
|
Why are human dimensions important for wildlife management?
|
• Compliance (e.g. dog leashing laws; wildlife policy)
(Weston et al., Miller et al.) • Wildlife‐human conflicts (Miller et al.) • Volunteerism (Weston et al.) • Recreational fishing (Wallis et al.) |
|
|
Why are human dimensions important for habitats/plants?
|
• Weeds and wildlife – perceptions
held by managers • Food, fibre and medicinal plant resources – knowledge gained from indigenous Australians • Knowledge/experience of commercial apiarists (Gibson et al.) |
|
|
What can we use modern technology for?
|
• Detection
• Observing movements • Looking at feeding activity • Monitoring behaviour and physiology • Genetic sampling and analysis |
|
|
What are three different types of camera technology?
|
-Video: motion triggered or time lapse
-Fixed position remote camera; night vision IR, day vision colour -Animal Cam - attached to animal to monitor behaviour |
|
|
What are some features of passsive IR remote cameras?
|
-triggered by motion or heat
-day time/night time combined -better in open areas -lots of false sshots caused by wind etc |
|
|
What are some different methods of tracking animals?
|
– Radio tracking
– GPS tagging/tracking – Satellite tracking – Light-‐sensitive tags |
|
|
Questions you may want to answer with tracking technology
|
• How far does an animal travel (home range, migration)?
• How fast does it move? • When is the animal active? • What environments does it prefer? |
|
|
What is the potential accuracy displacement for satellite tracked animals?
|
200-300m
|
