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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 pillars that slavery involves? |
coercion, domination/exploitation, alienation |
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To what extent was the American revolutionary ideology compatible with slavery? |
-COMPATIBLE - strongly endorses the idea of property (its your property, you can do what you want with it) -INCOMPATIBLE - hypocrisy of wanting liberty for themselves while enslaving others, everyone wanted state rights (colonies like virginia, pennsylvania didn't want to sign the constitution which takes property out of personal hands) -patrick henry argues against signing the constitution in virginia because he knew slavery was important to virginias economy |
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Does free trade economy work with or against slavery? What is the link between slavery and capitalism? |
- |
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Define jurisdiction |
- a realm under which laws rule |
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What are the 3 things that contributed to the rise of slavery in antiquity? |
1) agriculture 2) war (in roman times) 3) abrahamic traditions/text |
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How did agriculture contribute to the rise of slavery? |
-horses and slaves mentioned interchangeably -domestication of animals linked to the systematization of human slavery
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What did Aristotle say about the bodies of free men and slaves? |
-Aristotle claimed that nature must have intended to make the bodies of free men and slaves different for the different services that they had to perform. -(agriculture contributing to the rise of slavery) |
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What is the legal root of slavery and why? |
-POW captivity -war bestowed upon the victor the right of slaughter, if they choose to keep the people alive as slaves they should be grateful -slavery as delayed death |
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How did war contribute to the rise of slavery? |
-slavery seen as merciful in the context of war -slavery as delayed death for POW's -according to roman law, those taken in war are absolutely to be considered slaves -when you have slaves, they will want to kill you, therefore you need to control them with violence |
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Was there a racial aspect to slavery in Roman times? |
-associated red hair with slavery -slaves taken were POW's and therefore often from foreign lands where red hair was common |
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How/why did the Spartacus rebellion cause more violence against slaves? |
-the guilt of one slave was shared by all the slaves in the home -of a slave kills a master, they will kill all the other slaves in that house |
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What Abrahamic traditions/texts contributed to the rise of slavery? What did Leviticus say? |
-in the old testament there are practices about slavery that were used to defend the practice -leviticus said that people were allowed to have male and female slaves, buy slaves, rule them etc except they cannot have one Israelite rule over another |
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Who are those who "chop wood and draw water"? |
-anyone who does work that nobody wants to do aka slaves |
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Did slavery cause racism or did racism cause slavery? |
-the institution of slavery had more to do with creating racist ideas than the other way around -needless to say, there were still deep roots of racism and anti-black racism going way back |
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Which came first, the rules for slavery or racism? |
-word for racism came into play in early 20th century -word for slavery came much earlier. it associated people that came from afar to do work and that looked slightly different than others |
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Why and when did slavery start in Europe? |
-slavery started due to european need for labourers in the 15th and 16th century -Spain and Portugal made contact with the west african coastal people and convinced the authorities to capture people to be used as labourers for the jobs that nobody wanted to do |
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How did the anxiety about converted jews in Europe effect racism through religion? |
-this was right after the spanish and portugese started bringing slaves in from africa -there was an anxiety about converted jews -must prove our pure bloodlines because there are those among us that are not pure - defining the other -concern about "blood" for the first time -jew could defile any bloodline it comes into contact with, same as a black person |
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How did the story of Noah and his sons encourage racism through religion? |
-because of what Canaan had done, his father cursed him so that his sons would be cursed by god to be slave to his brothers -since everyone was a descendant from the 3 sons of Noah, this made a massive section of humans designated as slaves |
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What was the Treaty of Westphalia? |
-ends the 30 years was in europe which ends the idea of Christiandom (all christians together) and establishes that there were going to be protestants and catholics. -to maintain this peace there had to be universal rules observed by all -no longer lawful to interfere in other european countries religion or form of government -established "civil society" |
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What is a civil society? What are some civil rights in this society? |
-a place in which certain civil rights are secure to all members -rule of law (you cannot be plundered/stolen from) -right to property -right to personal security (cannot just be taken by force to somewhere else) |
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Explain Vattels statement "slavery has been happily banished from Europe" |
-signing of the Treaty of Westphalia 1648 -established civil society in european countries which meant the right to personal security which essentially means you cannot be enslaved or enslave. -didn't have any international courts to enforce it
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Blackstone wrote about personal liberty, security, and protection of property. |
-was an english jurist and a tori politician -said that men have all these rights |
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A defence of slaver is often that it was the norm all over the world and was old and traditional? Is this statement supported? |
-Yes, certainly slavery had deep residence in the biblical sense, war and agriculture |
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Where did the word for slavery come from and what was it? |
-spain -"esclavo" |
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How did the creation of long range ships in Spain promote the idea of slavery? |
-as they explored farther and farther away it was their expectation that they would just enslave/use to their benefit whatever people the found |
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Why did the Spanish think it was okay to enslave whatever people they found on their sea explorations? |
-assumed they would be savages -since they were non-christian -leviticus said you could only not-enslave christian brothers so any non-christians were fair game -not under a civilized order (civil rights) -no king/order that they understood -no civil rights = no right to personal security |
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How did the production of sugar lead to the need for slaves? |
-creating sugar required massive amounts of time, energy and resources for a luxury crop -needed somebody else to do the boiling, crushing and preparation of the sugar -nobody would grow sugar unless you made them |
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Why was sugar bad ecologically for the areas it was grown? |
-led to deforestation -needed to cut down trees for land to plant sugar as well as need to cut down trees for fuel for the fire over which they broiled the water |
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Explain what was said in the 1514 Spanish Monarchy's royal decree to all natives discovered on their ships explorations? |
-essentially told the natives that you needed to do exactly what they said and if you refused you would be taken as slaves. -only difference really is protection from violence if you are not a slave -incomienda system |
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Where was the heartland of slavery and it's runner up? |
-heartland = brazil -second = carribean |
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How did North American slaves become self-sustaining before Brazil and the Carribean? |
-higher birth rate and lower mortality |
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Explain why the English were a second rate power at end of the 16th century. |
-scots were a threat to the nations security -not rich enough to support a large navy so it got privateers do do its dirty work -depends on the link between public force (crown) and private funds (investors) -english are weak and therefore must rely on friendly pirates to help the queen
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Describe the difference between the Spanish and the English on their economic enterprises overseas? |
-british set up colonies in the areas they landed, not just moving in, strip mining and getting out -spanish decimated the land more -english enterprises had very little in common except being ruled by one crown -both believed the natives would be put to used however they saw fit |
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Describe the Quakers (extreme protestants) objections to slavery? |
-they vaporized labor (work redeems you in the eyes of god) -if you are at work the body is not in sin -discomfort with violence (turn the other cheek) -renames indian enslavement "man-stealing" which was out of concern with their own interests not the welfare of the state -every human had a little piece of gods grace and you couldn't be enslaving a part of god |
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Describe the importance of King Phillips War of 1675? |
-even though slaves can't be enslaved in virginia they can be sent elsewhere -heavy slaughter on both sides -first large scale military battle on the colonies |
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How do slavery and warfare reinforce themselves? |
-every time a slave fights back there were new harsher laws enacted to control them -natives that fought back led to war being declared on them by the british -you can send slaves away as a punishment |
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What and where are the commodity colonies? When did they start to rise? |
-rose in the 1700s -colonies in which the bulk of their economy centres around exporting a mass produced item -rice, tobacco, indigo, sugar, cotton etc |
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What were the most expensive crops to crow? |
1st - sugar 2nd - rice 3rd - tobacco |
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What were the risks involved in growing commodity crops? |
-pirates could sink ships -price of the commodity could change -you could have a bad crop |
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What parliamentary debates in 1549 and 1591 show the attitude in England about slaves? |
-debating whether you should enslave people who commit crimes -didn't pass but shows how casual the attitude was towards slavery |
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What was the alleged slave insurrection of 1635? |
-slave conspiracy to crown an african king and kill all the white people on their island -could have been an made up story or real -6 conspirators were beheaded and burned -reaction was that the slaves were ungrateful wretches (delayed death ideology) |
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How did Massachusetts deal with the native rebellions despite the 1641 statute that said they couldn't enslave natives? (King Phillips War) |
-passed a new law to say that if you directly rebelled against the state you could be enslaved, so long as you were sent elsewhere (1678) -sold to barbados, but not really wanted their since they had rebelled they were high risk slaves |
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Why did the areas north of Virginia have stronger economies than their commodity crop growing southern neighbours? |
-couldn't grow commodity crops up north so slavery didn't take as strong root -didn't have gold or cash crops -since they had no exports to sell, they had to create internal economies in the colony and surrounding areas -what little agriculture was grown by white families and free black families |
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Why the switch from white indentured servants to slaves? |
-fewer white people signing on as indentures servants (more options of where to go) -barbadians expanded the carolinas and brought their black slaves with them -fear of indentured servants once they were free -the switch was slow and gradual |
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Which colony in 1740 had a 60% black enslaved majority, with that rising to 80-90% along the coastline? |
-South Carolina |
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Why did south carolina have a stronger slave cultue than north carolina? |
-north carolina didn't have a good port -north carolina was made up of a more eclectic and outcast group of people than the more homogenous slave owning elite of the south |
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What word did tremendous racist work by eliminating nations and homelands? |
-negro |
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What were the 1670-1680 laws passed in Virginia: "an act for the better regulation of the negros of this province" |
-limit the movement of all black persons -made it illegal for blacks to ride horses -made it illegal for black to carry weapons -criminalized interracial sex -said any slave that became christian wouldn't change their status as slave -partus sequitur ventrem |
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Why was Partus Sequitur Ventrem important? |
-started in Virginia in 1670 -made inheritance go through the mother, not the father as in english law -solved the problem of mixed race children appealing to be free |
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What is the Chattel Principle? |
-the slave was entirely the property of the master -you own the slave and all of their children forever -weird in english law because there had not been a way to claim unborn people yet |
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Describe the conflict between authority and sovereignty |
-authority means law, sovereignty means violence (making exceptions to things) -concerns over the control of the english sovereign in the colonies -tax money being spent on things that the sovereign would not approve of (tax money spent on tracking down slaves) -masters declaring war on slaves without sovereign approval |
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When was the "Age of Barbados" |
-1630-1730 |
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Geographically why was Barbados important? |
-first english colony you came across -2 days sail closer to africa -isolated enough that it was easy for the navy to protect from pirates |
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What animals were used to transport crops on Barbados? |
-camels |
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Describe some reasons the death rate on Barbados was extremely high? |
-pigs brought by spanish brought disease -foreign camels brought disease -rich soil was imported from Brazil, bringing new fungi, invasive species -fecal matter used as manure led to worms in the workers chests -fed them sugar stocks -massive broiling pots of water |
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Describe the basic law enforcement bodies of he american colonies? |
-assembly men appoint the JP's and the JP's appoint the sherifs and the constables -sherrif does what the JP's tell them to do -posys -court of oyez and terminer -slave patrols |
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What was the court of oyer and terminer?- |
-same court as the witch trials -trying to hold onto law within incredible violence |
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What were posys? |
-When there is an outlaw and the authorities need help finding them they form a posy -think pitchforks and flaming sticks |
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What were slave patrols? |
-made up of the pols (male heads of the household) -each man take a turn riding around their parish at night to find run away slaves -didn't kill the slaves they found because they were property, so made legislation between the rights of private property and the rights of the island to defend itself against rogue slaves |
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Which colony passed brutal legislation against any whites that ran away to the natives. What does this have to do with slavery? |
-virginia -some wanted to outlaw slavery because of concerns that extensive contact between whites and natives would lead to whites turning native -ultimate example of european failure in the colonies |
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Why did many new englanders want to get rid of their slaves/why was slave holding a threat? |
-native population was stronger than the whites in new england -native people trying to liberate their kinfolk was a huge threat to the colonizers |
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Where were the largest slave owners located? How many slaves did they have? |
-Virginia -400-500 slaves at the largest -producing sugar |
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Why were native slaves seen as more dangerous than African slaves? |
-their thievery and roguishness |
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Should slaves be considered private property or real estate? |
-rich barbados wanted real estate so they couldn't be sold of if they went into debt -young entrepreneurial slave owners wanted private property so they had slaves as an insurance policy -there are more protections in english law for real estate than personal goods |
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Which religion firmly stated that anyone who practiced their religion could not be a slave? |
-Islam |
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What is the Hobbsian Solution for society? |
-tolerance of beliefs, totalitarian control over actions -thinks conflicts are based on emotional turmoil and miscommunications -leviathin = ruler, model of order -life is nasty, brutish and short |
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What is the Lockian Solution for society? |
-you should not punish belief, that is gods job -you should be lattitarian, in that your goal is to promote virtue and good behavior -everyone should be tolerant of everyone -less likely to abolish slavery because you need to tolerate the views of those who claim slavery is their personal property |
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Define Lattitrian |
-goal of religion is not to save people its to promote moral behavior -do unto others as you would have them do unto you -moral sense philosophy - god gave us all a moral sense to be good and kind so do that -totally against slavery |
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How does George Washington accidentally start the Great War for Empire in 1754 |
-washington used a native guide to track down some french -the french surrendered to the british but the native guide scalped them anyway, which enraged the french and started a gobal war
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What was the outcome of the Great War for Empire of 1754-1756? |
-british claim total victory over the french and assume control over all of north america -british turned down an area of n.america because they couldn't grow sugar on it, giving it to the french and showing the importance of slavery -biological warfare on native populations |
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What was "Le Droit des Gens" or "Principes de la Loi Naturelle"? |
-written by Vattel, swis philosopher and diplomat -founder of international law and diplomacy -agrees with hobbes that you need a strong sovereign in control -each nation should be obliged to follow natural law (rejects hobbes idea that nature was kill or be killed) -rejects the idea that slavery is a natural result of conquest (french prisoners not killed by british) -all nations deserve to exist so your intentions in battle should not be to wipe out the population |
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How did the idea of a "civilized" european world lead to the statement "slavery has been happily banished in europe"? |
-common law no longer makes slavery inherently accepted in britain because it violated the ideas of civilization -slavery comes from savage warfare where the goal is to kill/enslave everyone and now that doesn't exist (goal is just to win military battles) therefore slavery must be gone -not in the colonies -blackstone and vattel say if slavery is to exist you need positive legislation to support it which no longer exists in england |
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What is a natural right? |
-a right founded in nature and reason -something that you inherit from being alive -right to self preservation -right to property -right to personal liberty (right to movement) |
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Describe the relationship between natural and civil rights of property described by blackstone? |
-the right to property began as a natural right but the methods of preserving/transfering it are civil rights -civil society gives you the right to not have your things taken from you -civil law protects natural law |
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What does blackstone say about the rights of slaves under the british rules of law? |
-slavery is in clear violation of the laws of england -doesn't say slaves are free when they come to england, just that they are under the protection of the rule of law -cannot be held in irons -right to personal liberty |
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What was the Somerset Case? |
-certain property rights in chattel slavery were unsupported by british common law -a person, slave or not, could not be removed from the country against their will so the slave went free -slaves interpreted this as saying if they got to england they would be free -slave owners disagreed, saying british law protected property above all else |
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What were the three historical moments (time periods) in which a number of forces covered to make possible great change. |
-1773-1774 anti-slavery movement gets tied up in the anti-imperialist movement -1774-1776 state of nature declared by the american revolutionaries as they break with britain -1779-1781 civil war in america |
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Which group of people believed the somerset decision (1772) meant slavery had been declared illegal in England? |
-quakers
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Who was Lord Clive (1757)? What was the british parliaments problem with him? |
-******* "nabob" who made his money in india through atrocities against the local natives, taking bribes and acting without parliamentary approval -discovery of his actions came to light during the somerset case when imperialism was being portrayed as violent, savage and oppressive -slavery was seen as illegal in london and now brutal in the colonies (slavery = evil) -was essentially exonerated by parliament |
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What is a nabob? |
-a conspicuously wealthy person who made their money in the orient, usually india |
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Who was Paine and how was he influenced by Lord Clive? |
-paine became radical when he learned that Lord Clive was exonerated for his brutal crimes -go to the US where he writes in the newspaper about how the british empire is evil and violent -writes vicious obituary for Lord Clive -"you raped and pillage africa to build your empires" -loudest pro-america, anti-britain voice |
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Describe the argument that the US had been thrown back into a state of nature by the British. |
-jefferson and paine say the british are coming to kill them which increases the pressure for revolution - no longer in a state of society because the british were encouraging slave insurrection and native attacks were non-lawful acts of warfare -there was no law/civility governing the brits interactions with the US = state of nature -absolved of all restrictions of a civilized society
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In which kind of nations does the Law of Nations say you are able to use unlimited violence upon. |
-nations that are uncivilized or in a state of nature |
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Were the british actually encouraging slave insurrection and native attacks upon the US prior to the declaration of independence? |
-not really, at first at least -agreed to supply the cherokie indians with weapons if they were attacked, but advised them to stay out of the war -in 1775 a british governor offered freedom to slaves that wanted to fight in the royal army which increased the exodus of slaves from plantations |
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What were the slave panics of 1774-1775 and how did they decrease the power of the royal governors in the southern states? |
-3-6 large scale slave insurrections in the carolinas/virginia (or fear of an insurrection) -"committees of safety" handled the threat while the governors really didn't have the means to do anything -by late 1775 the committees of safety held all the authority making the governors powerless |
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What were the "Committees of Saftey" in the southern colonies from 1772 onward? |
-20-100 wealthy men (usually slave owners) -like a violent, larger slave patrol -day in and day out patrols which would go into homes, question people, whip slaves etc -in this state of emergency people allowed the committees more control then they usually would let any other authority -embrace the state of nature ideology |
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Explain why/how native relations and civil order broke down to the committees of safety. |
-committes of safety would go into indian villages, burn the corn, destroy the houses, kill and enslave -forced the natives to flee or surrender -led to retribution killings for dead natives -created a climate of unrest (state of nature) |
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Why did the british lose the war? |
-brits were horrified that they were fighting a war against fellow protestants -since the empire was becoming more liberal it seemed crazy that they were fighting a war to secure things they could easily get by trade -almost passed a motion to stop funding the war |
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What was the Treaty of Paris? |
-stupidly lucky deal that the Americans got because the british wanted to duck out of the war (no support at home) -border should have been the ohio river, but instead they got the missisisippi -economic parts of the treaty say debtors need to pay back their creditors and no more confiscation of british property -were supposed to release all prisoners/slaves/property to its owners |
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How was the Treaty of Paris not upheld/led to conflict during implementation? |
-1783-1785 the treaty had not been upheld because the US were still taking property from the british, not paying back the creditors so the british were threatening abandon their forts on the great lakes (native threat) -americans said they wouldn't pay back their debts until they were paid back for the slaves taken during the war -british defence is that they have no slaves, only free men
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How did Benjamin Rush argue against slavery from the angle of religion? |
-lists contradictions in the bible -new testament = christian law is against cruelty, violence, possession and greed -counters moses with jesus -doesn't matter what the ancient jews did because you are not the ancient jews -there is nothing christian about overwork and sexual assault |
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Explain montesquieu's argument about the "spirit of the law" and how it pertains to anti-slavery. |
-britain is good because it is mild. it is mild because the spirit of the law is less violent and obscure than elsewhere. -liberal lawmakers |
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Does Benjamin Rush make a pro or con slavery argument with evidence of morality, economics and religion. |
-con! |
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Explain why there is a more disproportionate distribution of wealth in the areas with slavery than elsewhere? |
-the few slave owners reap all the profits from their slaves exertions which makes them incredibly rich where as areas with fewer slaves need to pay an income to their workers, redistributing the huge profits |
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What are the 3 steps of Benjamin Rush's plan to end slavery? |
1) stop importing slaves 2) royal african company needs to be shut down 3) let the old generation go but teach the young slaves to read and write and make them only serve for a limited time |
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Why did Thomas Jefferson say that the British people had forced them into keeping slavery? |
-Thomas Jefferson and the virginia assembly had petitioned the king to stop importing slaves to the states which he rejected |
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Explain the McDonnel Article |
-I got nuttin.. something about race and class |
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What is the inevitability narrative to slave abolition? |
-all over the western world we see the movement to less unfree movement -there is no social society that can coexist with slave driven capitalism -vermont was the first state in which slavery was abolished, then pennsylvania, then virginia |
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What is the overall narrative to slave abolition? |
-nothing is inevitable, its about who pushes for what |
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How many people would a tight packer/loose packer fit? |
-tight = 450 -loose = 300 |
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What two events around 1780-1790 that horrified the british public and increased the negativity towards slavery. |
-1781 leaked diagram of tight packer ship "the brooks" -"the zong" insurance fraud case against the captain who threw 133 sick slaves overboard -both shows a lack of civility and compassion -slave trade synonymous with evil by 1790 |
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Define pre/post millennial |
pre-millennial = god will come back when he wants and he will judge us
post-millennial = christ will come back when we work towards making him come back |
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Who were the unitarians? |
-first in boston -unique because they stress the human capacity to seek and create the conditions for justice -argues for the moral teachings of christ, not just the religious aspects -totally against the slave trade -everyone is already created in gods image |
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Who was Equiano? |
-most famous ex-slave writer -delegitimized the idea that africans were always at war (said they were attacked by slavers) -focused on the violence done to black people |
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Who was Cugoano? |
-says slaves have the natural right to rise up and kill their masters -potentially the start of black national radicalism -uses old testament arguments to describe gods right to punish those who enslave his children -shocking because people were willing to publish this and read it |
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Why was the american revolution a unique opportunity for social contract theory? |
-the need to re-do the social contract because you are back in a state of nature -slavery needs positive legislation to survive, so it was within their bounds to abolish slavery by removing these positive protections -what was to stop people from stopping slavery in new laws? |
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Why was the discourse of natural rights problematic in some ways (in respect to equality and social contracts)? |
-what people claim as a natural right could interfere with others natural rights (i have the right to property and my property is a person) -uncomfortable with equality (hypocritical) |
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What was the Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery in Pennsylvania? |
-abolished the 4 laws that restricted movement of negros (gave them right to mobility) -abolished parts sectera venture -ability to be protected in court (not allowed to testify against a freeman) -creates a registry of all slaves and servants -children would be free after 28 years |
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Banditi (early pro-slavery petitions in virginia) |
-worse than an enemy soldier, like a pirate -african americans are outlaws because they rape, murder and are vengeful -african americans seen as inferior, questioned private manumission -got over 1000 signatures to protect against emancipation and manumission -virginia had tobacco and was essential for the economy -no blacks or malattos should pass as free people -quotes leviticus |
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What was the first big watershed for the anti-slavery movement? |
-the american constitution |
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How did the founders back into the issue of slavery? |
-didn't want to talk about slavery -made a series of omissions, compromised and rules that had massive effects on slavery -georgia and the carolinas threatened to walk if their slave rights were encroached on so everyone else just placated them -was brought up with a discussion on who counted towards the population |
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What were the economic problems facing the US at the time of the constitution? |
-severe economic depression due to a series of economic crisis in the early 1780s -British exclude US ships from british west indies -many kinds of currencies floating around -every kind of debt not being paid back -"stay laws" and "replevy laws" -state emitted paper money |
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What were "stay laws"? |
-you can stay a debt for a year to two -loved by debtors, hated by creditors -federalists absolutely hated this
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What were "replevy laws"? |
-if a person came to collect a debt you could keep certain things from being confiscated -hated by federalists
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Why did the poor think that the pre-constitution laws were too mean while the rich thought they were too relaxed? |
-paper money was diluting the value of debts -debts not being paid back due to stay laws -taxes increased to 3x pre-war rates to pay back the war |
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What were some things the federalists said they needed to do in order to start abiding by the law of nations? Why was this necessary to have a successful independent country? |
-no more confiscating property -no more staying debts -no more interfering in contracts -wanted to make the US a treaty worthy nation -needed to restore faith in their currency -needed to gain european respect |
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Explain the fear that the US had of recreating the european political map. |
-didn't want an armed border between all states -didnt want to have a long standing army -needed to unite and form one country or else they will go to war with one another -either form civilization or nature |
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How does common law enforce the law of nations? |
-created a US supreme court who's sole job was to overwright any other judges decision that violates the law of nations -solves the problem of getting small minded judges to stop allowing property to be taken etc
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What was the 3/5 law as part of the constitution? |
-a black person counts as 3/5 of a white man -started not as a racial thing, but as a way to determine how to calculate population -northern people though slaves should be 0/5, south thought 5/5 |
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Explain the section of the constitution that addresses the slave trade. |
-the southerns were not self sufficient on the slave trade and therefore wanted it to continue -those that were self sufficient in slaves wanted to end the african slave trade -said slave trade wouldn't end before 1808 |
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Explain the section of the slave trade that addresses run away slaves into other states. |
-says that they will enforce the rules of slavery in states that don't have them (ex. if you run away you will be returned to your master) |
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What did Reverand Enos Hitchcock think about the constitution? |
-talks about benevolence (universal love) -strengthening of rule of law is anti-slavery (makes it hard to just kidnap people when there is a strong government) -says the constitution is anti-slavery because it eliminates the slave trade by 1808 -uses the document to expand the moral beliefs of the country
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Linford D. Fisher reading was about what? |
-after king phillips war and the subsequent native rebellions there was legislation that said |
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Dunmore was a virginia governor who promised to free slaves that fought for the loyalist cause. |
-the british are enacting a slave insurrection |
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Thomas Clarkson essay on the commerce of the human species. |
-hits emotion with his readers -disproving all different arguments -you can't hold negros to civil societies standards -talks about not blambing them for stealing |
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Who wrote the law of nations? |
-vattel, written in 1758 |
