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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The top of the cranium is also called the ??
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Calvaria (top)
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Red spongy marrow between the external and internal layers of the skull
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Diploe
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Sulci
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Larger channels for the brain contours in the cranial vault (Calvaria)
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Fontanel
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6 areas of incomplete ossification in the fetal skull - correspond to the sutures
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When do the fontanels close?
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Close by 2 years of age
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Bragma
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Junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures (anterior)
Sagittal and coronal point |
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Lambda
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Junction of the sagittal and lambdoidal sutures (posterior)
Sagittal & Lambdoidal point |
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Pterion
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On the lateral aspect of the skull at the junction of the parietal bone, squamosal suture and sphenoid bone
Parietal, sphenoid w/ squamosal suture |
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Asterion
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Junction of the occipital bone, parietal bone and the mastoid portion of the temporal bone
Parietal, occipital & temporal (mastoid portion) |
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Sutures
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Fibrous joints that interlock bones of the cranium and face
Synarthrosis - no movement |
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Coronal suture location
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Side to side
Between frontal & parietals |
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Sagittal suture location
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Front to back
Midline between parietals |
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Squamosal suture location
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Lateral
Parietals and temporal |
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Lambdoidal
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Posterior
Parietals and occipital |
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Normal cranium shape and size
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6" side to side
7" front to back 9" vertex to submental point Oval in shape |
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How many cranial bones?
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8
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How many facial bones?
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14
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Parts of the occipital bone
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Occipital protuberance
Foramen Magnum Condyles for the atlas Basalar portion - articulates with the sphenoid, has occipital condyles and foramen magnum |
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The occipital bones articulate with what other cranial bones?
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Parietals
Sphenoid Temporal |
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Facial Bones
(14) |
Nasal (2) - Bridge of the nose
Lacrimal (2) - Tear ducts Maxilla (2) - Face & upper jaw Zygoma or Malar (2) - cheekbones Mandible (1) - Jaw-moveable Vomer (1) - Part of nasal septum Inf Nasal Conchae (2) - scroll-like nasal wall Palantine (2) - back of hard palate |
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In what cranial bone is the supraorbital foramen located?
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Frontal
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In what cranial bone is the mental foramen located?
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Mandible
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In what cranial bone is the optic foramen located?
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Sphenoid
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In what cranial bone is the jugular foramen located?
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Occipital
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In what cranial bone is the carotid foramen located?
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Occipital
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In what cranial bone is the foramen magnum located?
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Occipital
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The Maxilla makes up the ______
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Face
Upper jaw & teeth Hard Palate |
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The largest sinuses
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Maxillary sinuses
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The Maxilla forms the ???
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Roof of the mouth
Floor of the nasal cavity Floor of the orbit |
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The only moving bone of the facial bones
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Mandible
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Parts of the mandible
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Body - horizontal part
Ramus - vertical part (extension) Coronoid process (anterior process) Condyle (posterior process) Gonion - Angle of the mandible Mental Foramen - on the body Symphysis - joint of mandible in front Mental Protuberance - front of chin Alveolar Portion - for the teeth |
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Zygoma (2)
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Also called Malar
Joins with temporal bone to for the zygomatic arch |
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The Zygoma form ....
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Lateral wall and floor of the orbit
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Lacrimal bones (2)
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2 tiny bones
Contain the lacrimal ducts |
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The lacrimal bones form >>>>
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The medial orbit
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Nasal Bones (2)
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2 tiny bones
Bridge of nose (Canopy or awning over nasal cavity) |
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The Nasal Bones form ......
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The frontonasal suture
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Vomer (1)
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Single thin facial bone
Arises perpendicular from hard palate Inside nasal cavity |
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The Vomer joins with the _______ _______ of the _________ to form the ________ ________.
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Perpendicular plate
Ethmoid Nasal Septum |
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Inferior nasal conchae
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Scrolls/rolled newspaper
2 tiny scrolls on either side of the nasal cavity |
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The inferior nasal conchae help form ..........
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Lateral walls of nasal cavity
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Palantine (2) make up .....
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Posterior hard palate
Posterior nasal Posterior orbit (starts with "P" so all is posterior) |
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Type of articulations
Sutures |
Fibrous, synarthrosis
No movement |
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Type of articulations
Temperomandibular Joint (TMJ) |
Hinge, gliding - freely moveable
Flexion & extension |
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Type of articulations
Roots of teeth |
Alveolar sockets
Fibrous - gomphosis |
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Sinuses
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Frontal
Ethmoid Sphenoid Maxillary |
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Function of the sinuses
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To lighten the skull and resonate sound
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Type of articulations
Sutures |
Fibrous, synarthroses - no movement
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Name the sutures of the skull
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Coronal
Sagittal Squamosal Lambdoidal |
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External ear
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External Auditory Meatus (EAM)
Auricle |
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Middle ear
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Tempanic membrane
Malleus Incus Stapes (auditory ossicles) |
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Internal ear
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Cochlea
Semicircular Canals IAC (internal acoustic canal) |
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In which cranial bone is the Petrous Ridge located?
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Temporal bone
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The Petrous Ridge helps to form ???
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The floor of the cranium
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Petrous Ridge
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Angles 40-45 degrees to midline
Contains organs of hearing & balance |
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What is the most dense bone of the skull?
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Petrous Ridge
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4 parts of the temporal bone
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1) Squamos - zygomatic process and condylar fossa
2) Tympanic Portion - EAM & styloid process 3) Petrous - Organs of hearing 4) Mastoid (Posterior) Air cells |
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Parts of the Sella Turcica
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Saddle for the Pituitary Gland
Anterior & posterior clinoid processes |
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The Sphenoid bone helps to form.....
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Middle cranial floor
Posterior orbit |
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Parts of the sphenoid
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Greater Wings - fissures and foamina for nerves
Lesser Wings - anterior, form optical foramin for passage of optic nerve Body - Sella Turcica, sinuses & Pterygoid process (legs) |
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Ethmoid bone helps form.....
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Orbit
Nasal Cavity Floor of cranium |
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3 portions of the Ethmoid
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1) Horizontal - Cribiform plate (have foramina for smell), Crista Galli (attachment of meninges)
2) Vertical - Perpendicular plate (upper part of nasal septum) 3) Lateral masses - contain ethmoid sinuses, superior & middle conchae |
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7 parts of the frontal bones
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1) Squamos - vertical part
2) Frontal sinus 3) Supraorbital margin - upper orbit border 4) Supercilliary ridge - eyebrows 5) Supraorbital foramin - opening for nerves & vessels 6) Glabella - smooth region between eyebrows 7) Nasal Spine - forms frontonasal suture |
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Parietal bones
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Parietal eminences on either side
Joints; Each other Frontal Occipital Temporal |
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8 Cranial Bones
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Parietal - side walls & roof
Frontal - anterior - front of house Ethmoid - Anterior midline (foyer) Sphenoid - Middle floor or rooms (Sella Turcica) Temporal - Floor & side walls Occipital - posterior wall & floor |
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AML
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Acanthiomeatal Line
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TEA
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Top of ear attachment
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IAM
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Internal Acoustic Meatus
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IPL
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Interpupillary Line
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GML
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Glabellomeatal Line
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Mesocephalic
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Typical sized skull
Petrous ridge angle - 45-47 degrees |
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Brachycephalic
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Short front to back
Broad side to side Shallow from vertex to base Petrous ridge - 54 degrees |
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Dolichocephalic
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Long front to back
Narrow side to side Deep from vertex to base Petrous ridge - 40 degrees |
