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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do you categorize skin tumours using an etiological approach and what are some examples of tumours from each category?
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Epithelial - Seborrheic keratosis, sebaceous hyperplasia, epidermoid cyst
Vascular - Infantile hemangiomas, cherry angiomas, pyogenic granuloma Fibrous - dermatofibroma, keloid, acrochordon (skin tag) Neural - Neurofibroma Adipose - Lipoma Pigmented |
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What is the sign of leser-trelat?
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Sudden appearance of numerous seborrheic keratoses (age spots) which indicates malignancy.
60% of malignancy is adenocarcinomas of the stomach |
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What are Seborrheic Keratoses?
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Age spots
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What is sebaceous hyperplasia?
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Hypertrophied sebaceous gland that is common in people with lots of sun exposure
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What is an epidermoid cyst?
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Stratified squamous epithelium filled with keratin that builds up under skin and is often the result of a plugged hair follicle.
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What is the most common benign tumour of children?
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Infantile hemangioma
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What systemic features can be associated with infantile hemangiomas? (6)
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P = posterior fossa brain malformations
H = hemantiomas of H+N A = arterial anomalies C = cardiac defects/coarctation of aorta E = eye abnormalities S = sternal clefting |
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What are cherry angiomas also know as? (2)
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"Campbell deMorgan spot"
"Senile angiomas" |
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What is a pyogenic granuloma?
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A small dark coloured tumour that bleeds easily and is often secondary to trauma, pregnancy and medications
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What is dermatofibroma? What are the clinical features? What does it mimick?
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Firm papule/scar that is round and firm and secondary to trauma/insect bite
Positive Fitzpatrick/dimple sign when squeezed Can mimick amelanotic melanoma |
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What is a keloid?
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Scar tissue that extends beyond the limits of the original injury.
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What are acrochordons more commonly known as?
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Skin tags
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What are the major risk factors for malignant melanoma? (5)
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Personal or family history
Skin type I-III Intermittent sun exposure with sunburns Immunosuppression and genetic disorders Precursor lesions: >50 benign nevi, >5 atypical nevi, 1 large congenital nevi |
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What are the ABCDE's that indicate that a melanoma is malignant?
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A = assymetry
B = borders not clearly defined C = colour variation D = diameter > 6mm E = evolution (changes with time) |
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What are the ABCDE's that indicate a melanoma is benign?
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A = Symetrical
B = Borders well defined C = One colour D = Diameter < 6mm E= No change with time |
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What are the different types of benign melanocyte nevi in order of how they can evolve to become malignant?
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Junctional -> Compound -> Dermal -> Dysplastic Nevi
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What are the different types of benign melanocytic nevi? (7)
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Junctional
Compound Dermal Halo Blue Congenital (small, medium, large) Dysplastic |
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Where are nests of melanocytes found in junctional vs compound vs dermal nevi?
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Junctional = epidermis at the dermal/epidermal junction
Compound = epidermis and dermis Dermal = dermis only |
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What benign nevi at are high risk for developing into malignant nevi? (3)
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Blue nevi
Congenital Melanocytic Nevi of the large variety Dysplastic Nevi |
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What variables help determine prognosis of malignant melanoma? (2)
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Breslow thickness - MOST IMPORTANT
Ulceration - second most important |
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What is Breslow Thickness?
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The length between the granular cell layer and the last atypical cell of the melanoma (a kind of depth measurement).
Used for staging and prognosis. |
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What is the first thing you do when you suspect a melanoma?
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Excisional biopsy to determine depth - need this to confirm if it is melanoma and also to plan re-excisional margins
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