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90 Cards in this Set
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A child presents in the ER with signs of a cold & a rash.
His mother states he has had a runny nose, a cough and a high fever for the past 3 days. She states his rash started on his face and is moving down his body. You notice he also has mucus ccoming from the corners of his eyes. What is your diagnosis? |
Rubeola
The child has the classic signs: Prodrome for 3-5 days of: Cough, Coryza (runny nose) & Conjunctivitis as well as a HIGH fever The high fever is key to differentiate from Rubella The rash is characteristic of Rubeola & Rubella and is described as "MACULOPAPULAR" |
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A child presents in the ER w/ the 3 classic signs of Rubeola.
What would help confirm your suspicions upon examination of the oral mucosa? |
Koplik spots
Technically there are only 3 C's to Rubeola, but Koplik spots sounds like a 4th 4 C's: Cough, Coryza (runny nose), Conjunctivits, Koplik spots |
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How does Rubeolla spread among the population?
Blood Poor hygeine Droplets Contaminated surfaces |
Droplets
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A child presents in the ER after having a slight fever and a rash for the last 3 days.
His mom says he's had a slight temp, sore throate, runny nose and malaise for this period. You notice he is covered in a "rose-pink" rash. How would you describe this rash? |
Maculopapular
The child has signs of Rubella (or possibly even Rubeolla). Either way, both are described as cephalo-caudal & maculopapular |
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What is the largest differentiating factor between Rubeola & Rubella?
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Rubeola has a HIGH-grade fever
Rubella has a LOW-grade fever |
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A child presents in your ER because of a low-grade fever & URI symptoms.
You are suspicious of child abuse because the child's face looks to have a hand print on it. After further examination you notice the child has the same lace-like rash appearance on his trunk & extremities, sparing his palms & soles. Which viral agent could have caused this type of presentation? Is it an RNA or DNA virus? |
Parvovirus B19 (slapped cheek)
It is a DNA virus HOWEVER it is UNIQUE because it is SINGLE-STRANDED Parvovirus is "part-of-a-virus" The LACE-LIKE rash is BUZZ |
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A pregnant mother presents in the ER w/ her 3 year old who appears to have a lace-like rash on his face.
What should you caution the mother about her unborn fetus in relation to her 3 year olds illness (i.e. what could happen to the fetus)? |
Hydrops fetalis
The 3 year old has signs of B19 Parvovirus (slapped cheek), which can cause Hydrops Fetalis in a unborn child |
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A frantic mother brings her child into the ER because for the last 4 days he has had a fever of 104.
Upon presentation you notice the child has a rash over his trunk, limbs & face that is blanchable. After 3 hours in the ER (because you're in GVMC) the fever starts to drop. What is the most likely diagnosis? |
Roseola
Characterized by a HIGH-grade fever for 3-5 days. Fever breaks once the BLANCHABLE rash develops. |
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A 2 year old presents in your clinic w/ odd looking papules on his skin.
The papules look similar to rain drops on a rose pedal. What is the most likely etiologic agent? Does it have DNA or RNA? |
Poxvirus (chickenpox)
DNA - Linear stranded The largest of all DNA viruses |
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A little boy comes to your ER directly from daycare because his mother has noticed a vesicular-type outbreak on his bottom and she fears child abuse.
Upon exam you notice these same types of vesicular lesions on the childs soles, buccal cavity & palms. What is the most likely etiologic agent? Is this child being abused? |
Coxsackievirus A (hand-foot-mouth disease)
"Drive CARS w/ your hands & feet" The child is NOT being abused and contracted the disease from other kids at the daycare |
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College student presents after 2 weeks of spring break. He "scaly" lesions on his torso that he noticed when he started to get tan. When examining these lesions you note no inflammatory response and they seem to scrape off. Under microscopy, the scraping appear as cocci like grape clusters and long braches of hyphea. Name the Causative Organism and Treatment
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Malassezia Furfur
Grape like clusters with hyphea = Spaghetti and Meatball formation. Also known to cause CRADLE CAP and Dandruff Treated with topical antifungal shampoos. Itraconazole/ketoconazole |
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30yr old white mechanic presents with greese stains on his hands that just wont go away. Upon further examination, he also has these dark pigmented lesions on his feet. They are not scaly and dont appear to have an inflammatory response. Name the organism and treatment
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Exophiala Werneckii
Treat with Salicylic Acid and Benzoic acid |
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Name the 3 main causative organisms in a tinea infection.
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Trichopyton Rubrum
Microsporum Canis Trichophyton Mentagrophytes |
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Patient presents with concentric rings of inflammation on his trunk and back. Lesions seem to spair the scalp, arms and groin. Diagnosis? Treatment?
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Tinea Corporis
Caused by one of the three tinea organisms Spares the arms, scalp, groin and usually legs Treat with topical azoles |
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Patient presents with concentric rings and scales over their trunk, legs, and forarms. Diagnosis? Treatment? Where would you Obtain the organisms for culture?
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Tinea Impricata
Located on legs and forarms and groin. High incidence in South West and Tropics Treat with topical Azoles Obtain specimens from outer edge of the rings |
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Patient presents with Scaling between the toes mainly on the lateral sides of both feet. Patient complains that it itches immensely and his skin even cracks. Diagnosis and Treatment?
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Tinea Pedis (athletes foot)
Caused by T.rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton Floccosum. Treat with topical Azoles |
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Patient presents with inflammatory rash and scaling of her inner thighs. Diagnosis and Treatment?
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Tinea Cruris (jock Itch)
Caused by T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, E. floccosum Treat with topical azoles |
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Mother brings her 2yr old female to you with hairloss and scaling on her scalp. Scales seem to flake off like dandruff. Diagnsosis and Treatment
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Tinea Capitis (scalp ringworm)
Caused by Tinea organisms Treat with topical azoles or antibiotics Hair will grow back once infection has stopped |
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40yr old male presents with large inflammation on his cheek. He says it started about 3 days ago after shaving and has gotten worse. Many hair follicles are infected. Diagnosis and Treatment
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Tinea Barbae
Caused by T. Verrucosum and T. Mentagrophytes Treat with topical/oral azoles |
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Female patient presents with scaling of her fingernails. The nails just seem to be falling apart. Some of her toe nails have yellow and brown lines in them. Diagnsosis and Treatment
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Tinea Unguium
Treatment: Terbinafine! 2nd line is topical and oral azoles. |
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A woman presents in your clinic after 2 weeks of being on Sulfadiazine.
She complains that her skin is peeling. You notice a positive Nikolsky sign on some of the pustules as well as skin sloughing in her mouth. What is your diagnosis? |
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
She is having a rxn. to the Sulfa drug SJS affects the oral mucosa Toxic Epidermal Necrosis does NOT affect oral mucosa |
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A child presents in your ER w/ the appearance of severe burns.
The child has sloughing of his skin over both legs, his abdomen, and both arms. You find no history of burns and note a positive Nikolsky sign but no oral involvement. What is your diagnosis? |
Toxic Epidermal Necrosis
Signs of TEN: >30% involvement, positive Nikolsky, NO oral involvement |
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An 8 year old presents in the ER w/ what your nurse Jan has described as child abuse.
You notice the child has non-blanching, purpuric lesions with petechiae covering his bottom and legs. What would you suspect the childs platelet level to be? |
NORMAL
This child has signs of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Although these kids have small vessel vasculitis, their PLTs remain normal |
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A child presents in your ER w/ severe abdominal pain and non-blanching, purpuric lesions with petechiae over his legs and bottom.
You are suspicious of what could have caused his abdominal pain, what could be your diagnosis? |
INTUSSUSCEPTION
The child has signs of HSP, which could serve as a lead point for HSP to develop in the bowel |
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A child presents w/ palpable, non-blanching purpura & petechiae.
He has severe abdominal pain. You order a Urine Dipstick. What do you expect to find on the dipstick? |
Hematuria
The child has signs of HSP & renal damage is common, leading to Hematuria |
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A child returns to your clinic 3 days after being diagnosed and appropriately treated for Strep. throat.
The child has utricaria, fever, arthritis & periarticular swelling. What can you do for this child to relieve the symptoms? |
Take him off the Penicillin he was given for the Strep. Throat & put him on Erythromycin instead
The child has signs of Serum Sickness-like reaction |
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An Asian family brings their son to your clinic because he has had a fever for 6 days now.
You notice the child also has conjunctivitis, cracked lips, peripheral edema, a polymorhpous rash & cervical lymphadenopathy. If you were to look into the childs mouth, what would you expect to find? Mulberry Molars Strawberry Tongue Hutchinson's Teeth Lichen Planus |
Strawberry Tongue
The child has signs of Kawasaki's Disease Mnemonic: "wait 4 FEVER to CLEAR" C = Conjunctivitis, L = Lip cracking, E = Erythemic hands, feet & tongue, A = Adenopathy (cervical), R = Rash (polymorphous) |
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Which disease is the ONLY diesease that it is acceptable to treat a child w/ Aspirin?
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Kawasaki's Disease
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28 yr old missionary presents to you with large ulcerations on his lower left leg. Some even look like large warts. He has a scar on the bottom of his left foot. He states that happened about 5 years ago in Costa Rica when a thorn when through his shoe in the jungle. Microscopic analysis reveals rounded spores that appear copper in color. Diagnosis and treatment?
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Chromoblastomycosis
Caused by Phialophora or Cladosporium. Usually in the tropics Treatment: Difficult. SURGERY and Itraconazole |
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35yr old female florist complains of a wierd looking infection on here 1st and 2nd fingers of her right hand. She states she always gets poked by rose thorns but this has never happened. Microscopic analysis reveleals Large, rounded Stary looking organisms. Diagnosis and Treatment?
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Sporotrichosis (sporothrix)
Most common in US Treat with AMP B and Itraconazole Orally. Rounded stary looking organisms on microscopy = Asteroid Body |
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28yr old Ethiopian immagrant presents with severely swollen foot with warty like ulcerations. Man doesnt seem to be in any pain. He said he used to be a carpenter in his home country. X-ray reveals decrease density of cortical bone in his foot and lower leg that appears to get more dense as you move proximal up the bone. Diagnsosis and Treatment
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Mycetoma (BAD!)
Caused by pseudoallescheria boydii, and Madurella mycetomatis Caused by thorns or splinters usually in tropical areas. X-ray: fungus can attack bone and cause bond destruction over a period of months to years. Treat with AMP B and SURGERY usually Amputation. |
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A neonate in the NICU has what appears to be syran wrap covering the side of his mouth.
You imagine this will affect his ability to feed. What is this condition called? |
Ichthyosis
Think of babies having difficulty eating and thinking something is "icky" |
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How would a neonate develop Miliaria?
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Miliaria is heat rash
It is caused by over bundling Caused by sweat gland obstruction and sweat retention |
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A child is born and you notice an erythematous papule that looks like fleabites.
You notice the papules spare the hands & soles. Your attending decides to biopsy it because he suspects Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum. What would you expect to find on the pathology report? |
Eosinophils
Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum causes benign erythematous papules that spontaneously fade in 5-7 days The papules are filled w/ eosinophils SPARES the hands & soles is another differentiating factor from Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis |
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Your attending decides to biopsy a vesiculopustular lesion on a neonate that he suspects Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis.
You notice these vesiculopustular lesions do affect the hands & soles. What would you expect to find on the pathology report? |
Neutrophils
Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis is characteristically filled w/ neutrophils AFFECTING the hands & soles is another differentiating factrom from Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum |
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A health young black baby is brought to your clinic because the parents have noticed what they think is a massive bruise on his lower back.
They are afraid the child may be abused at daycare. You confirm it is not abuse but instead a dermatologic problem. The parents want to know if this large "bruise" is a sign of cancer for their baby. What is it and what is the risk of cancer? |
Mongolian spot
NO risk of malignancy |
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A baby presents in your clinic w/ a rather large red spot on the middle of her forehead.
The parents are worried because this "thing" has just developed over the past few days and it wasn't there when she was born. What will you tell them about this "thing" (will it go away, will they have to have surgery)? What is this "thing" technically called? |
Strawberry hemangioma
Not noticed in the first few days of life but grow rapidly during the first year of life & then regress by age 6 No need for removal, it will go away on its own |
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Which organ is most affected by a deep visceral hemangioma?
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Liver
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The parent's of a newborn are concerned because their child has an odd looking birth mark.
The mark looks like someone burned half of their childs face or as if someone poured hot liquid over their childs face. You note that it appears to be following the dermatomal pattern of the ophthalmic branch of CN V. What would be the largest issue to address with these parents concerning their childs development? |
Mental retardation
The child has a classic Sturge-Weber port-wine stain MR is commonly associated w/ this disease |
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A pregnant mother is warned to have someone else care for her cat.
What are the possible fetal developmental issues that could develop if she doesn't? |
TOXOPLASMA GONDII
Leading to: CHIC Chorioretinitis Hydrocephalus Intracrainial Calcifications |
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On your OB rotation you get to see the delivery of a baby who has incisors that look barrel-shaped w/ notching at the center.
The newborn also has a saddle nose deformity. What else would you expect upon further oral examination? |
Mulberry molars
The mother likely has syphilis |
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Culture grown in Sheeps blood agar reveals Gram Positive cocci in chains. It is catalase Negative and ferments glucose producing lactic acid. Name the organism
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Streptococci
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Name the classification of S. pyogenes
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Group A, Beta hemolytic strep
Bacitracin sensitive Main causitive agent in Strep throat. |
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Name classification for S. Agalactiae
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Group B Beta hemolytic strep
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Name the classification for S. Faecalis
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Group D Alpha hemolytic strep
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Name the classification for S. Pneumoniae
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Alpha hemolitic strep
Optochin Sensitive Quelling test positive Bile Solubility Positive Main organism for pneumonia and ear infections |
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What are the two most important structural virulence factors on Strep.
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Capsule- Hyaluronic Acid
Fibrils: M-PROTEIN causes majority of virulence |
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Name 3 soluble virulence factors of strep
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Streptokinase: produces prostaglandins to breakdown clots
Streptodornase: Breaks down DNA Hyaluronidase: breaks down cellular hyaluronic acid |
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Pharyngitis, Scarlet Fever, Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, impetigo are all caused by what organism
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S. pyogenes
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S. Pyogenes produces a specific antigen which the body naturally produces antibodies against. Name this antigen, the antibody produced and what lab test used to detect S. pyogenes
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Streptolysin O antigen
Body produces anti-streptolysin O antibodies Labs do an ASO test which they run an ELISA on the antibodies against Streptolysin O. Main Exotoxin in strep infections. used to diagnose rheumatic fever |
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Young 12yr old patient presents with diffuse erythematous rash all over his body. Rash feels like sand paper. Patient has fever of 102 and a sore throat. Diagnosis and Treatment. What is the likely hood of this patient developing this rash again
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Scarlet Fever
Caused by Strep Pyogenes Treat with Pen G or Pen V most all strep infections can be treated with Pen G or V first. 2nd line would be Amoxocillin or macrolides If Pen resistant go to Vaconmycin or linezolid. Once you have recovered from scarlet fever, you are IMMUNE. |
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A newborn presents w/ a blueberry muffin rash.
Your attending pimps you and gives you nothing more. He expects you to tell him what else the baby likely has... |
Deafness
Cataracts PDA The child has congenital Rubella Signs of Rubella: Deaf, blind & dying plus Blueberry Muffin Rash |
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An neonate is born & the mother informs you that she may have contracted cytomegalovirus during her pregnancy.
What possible outcomes do you warn her of for her neonate? |
Sensorineural hearing loss & other CNS defects
CMV = CNS |
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A 3 week old infant is brought to your clinic because of a diffuse vesiculopustular rash that has an erythema multiforme pattern.
Mom also claims the child has had many episodes where the baby's arm will shake violently. What would you expect to find on a lumbar puncture? Neutrophils Eosinophils RBCs CMV |
RBCs
Mom was likely infected w/ HSV during her pregnancy or has HSV HSV BUZZ word = Erythema Multiforme |
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A child presents in your ER w/ signs of poison ivy.
The child has a vesiculopustular outbreak covering his legs and arms. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is this describing? |
Type IV - Contact Dermatitis
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A patient presents w/ large tense, pruritic blisters covering most of his body including his arms & abdomen but not his mouth.
You note that they don't burst when pressed upon. Where would you expect to find IgG deposits & complement C3? |
At the Dermal-Epidermal Junction
Case describes Bullous Pemphigoid based upon the negative Nikolsky sign (don't burst) Sub-epidermal autoimmune reaction Bullous Pemphigoid also spares the oral mucosa |
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A patient presents to the ER w/ papules that seem to burst when pressed upon.
The papules are also noted inside the patients mouth. What would be your diagnosis? |
Pemphigus Vulgaris
Positive Nikolsky sign Oral mucosal involvement Intraepidermal autoimmune disease |
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Your patient presents w/ an intensiley pruritic, chronic, papulovesicular lesion that is symmetrical on all extensor surfaces.
A biopsy reveals IgA antibodies at the dermal-epidermal junction & HLA-D8, DR3 & DQw2. What could likely be causing this patients problems? |
Gluten-sensitive enteropathy (Celiac Disease)
The lesions described are Dermatitis Herpetiformis |
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A patient presents in your clinic w/ what appears to be silvery lesions on his elbows, knees & scalp.
You noticed that one of the lesions has been scraped off and has a small drop of blood under it. What would be your diagnosis and treatment of choice? |
Diagnosis: Psoriasis
Auspitz Sign: Removal of a silvery scale results in a small blood droplet appearing Treatment: Corticosteroids or phototherapy |
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A patient presents to your clinic w/ intense pruritis between his fingers, buttocks, external genitalia and wrists that has been ongoing for what seems like years.
Upon examination you note short, elevated serpiginous tracks in the superficial epidermis. What is the etiology of this infection & the causative agent? |
Causative Agent: Sarcoptes Scabiei
Etiology: Females burrow into the epidermis, lay eggs and die. Eggs hatch in 3-4 days & a Type IV hypersensitivity rxn. orccurs in 30 days w/ intense itching. |
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A 6 month old is brought to your clinic with multiple surpingous lines on their body.
You note small white dots present as well in the area. The mother reports the child attempts to scratch at the lesions and she's afraid the child may have gotten something from their dog. What is your diagnosis and what can you do to treat? |
Scabies - May or may not have come from the dog. Possibly from daycare.
Treatment: Permethrin Cream |
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Numerous children from the local elementary school have presented in your clinic over the last week w/ pruritic lesions to their scalp.
You remember seeing little white grains of rice in the children's hair. What is causing the pruritis and what is your diagnosis? |
Diagnosis: Head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis)
Cause: Females lay eggs on the hair shaft, and appear as little grayish white nits that look like grains of rice. When the nits hatch they feend on blood, which causes itching. |
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What would be the treatment of choice for a child who has signs of pediculus humanus capitis?
Are there any treatment recommendations for their household items? |
Permethrin-based drugs/shampoos
Pediculus Humanus Capitis = Head lice Household items: Washable items should be washed in hot water & dried in a hot dryer. Non-washable items can be placed in a hot dryer for 10 minutes or tied in a plastic bag for 10 days |
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This strep commonly infects Neonates, causing Septicemia, menigitis and pneuomonia. Is it....?
-Agalactiae -Faecalis -Virdans -Pneumoniae |
Step. Agalactiae
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This strep commonly causes urinary tract infections in males. Found in open wounds and causes sepsis. Is it...?
-Agalactiae -Faecalis -Viridans -Pneumoniae |
Strep Faecalis
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This strep commonly causes Subacute endocarditis and is associated with dental caries. Is it...?
-Agalactiae -Faecalis -Virdans -Pneumoniae |
Strep Viridans
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This strep is commonly found in Pneumonia, Otitis media and Sinusitis. Is it...?
-Agalactiae -Faecalis -Viridans -Pneumoniae |
Strep Pneumoniae
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72 yr old female has been on a respirator for 2 weeks. She is now getting worse very fast. The machine has to be turned up every couple of hours to keep her lungs inflated. X-ray shows interstitial pneumonia. Cultures show a gram negative motile rod with polar flagella. It is oxidase positive. Diagnosis and Treatment?
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
- grows at 42 degrees and colonies will produce a fruity odor. - Main cause of skin infections after burns, Otitis Externa (swimmers ear), Respirators, Associated with Hot tubs, swimming pools and water. Treatment: Piperacillin or Ticaricillin + Aminoglycoside 2nd line: 3rd gen Ceph |
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American Soldier returns from Iraq with a sore on his arm. He states it has been like that for a couple weeks now. Doctors in Iraq prescribed him penicillin but it has not gotten any better. Culture reveals a gram neg rod. Diagnosis and Treatment?
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Acinetobactor
Treatment: Imepinem |
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A child is brought to the ER because his mother left him out in the sun too long.
The child is bright red, with some edema & pain as well as dry skin. What is your diagnosis of the burn? |
1st degree
1st degree burns are generally dry, where as 2nd degree are moist |
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A mother brings her child to the ER because she accidentaly spilled coffee on the child.
The child has a large bulla on his arm that is mottled red, moist and painful. What is your diagnosis of the burn? |
2nd degree
2nd degree burns generally show signs of painful bulla/blistering and moist skin |
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A teenager is brought to the ER after he fell into a camp fire while learning to be a Boy Scout.
The teen is in intenese pain. One sight in particular is dry, white & leathery looking. When you poke it the teen claims it doesn't hurt, but persists that he is still in a lot of pain. What is your diagnosis of the burn you palpated? |
3rd degree
3rd degree burns are often dry, white or charred, leathery appearance and painless The teen is in a lot of pain because surrounding the 3rd degree burn are 2nd degree burns |
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A 180lb man is brought to the ER with burns to the anterior sides of both of his legs from foot to upper thigh, sparing his genitals.
How much fluid is needed to properly replace the fluid lost? Be sure to specify how much fluid is replaced in the 1st 8 hours. |
3276 - 6552 ml over 24hrs
1648 - 3276 ml in the 1st 8 hours and the remainder over the next 16 Remember 1/2 of the total volume must be given in the 1st 8 hours. The remainder can be given over the next 16 hours. Equation: 2-4 ml IV solution x kg body weight x % BSA kg = lbs/2 +1 % BSA = 1 anterior leg = 9% |
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BSA burns, determine the % for each:
Face Entire head Anterior arm Entire arm Anterior chest Anterior leg Entire leg |
Rules of 9
Face = 4.5 % Entire head = 9% Anterior arm = 4.5 % Entire arm = 9% Anterior chest = 9% (chest + abdomen = 18%) Anterior leg = 9% Entire leg = 18% |
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You culture a wound to find a Gram Positive Cocci in clusters. They are non motile, non spore forming faculative anearobes. This organism most likely fits into what class of Bacteria?
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Staphylococci
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You culture an organism which is Catalase +, Coagulase +, Ferments mannitol and has yellow colonies in the agar. What is the most likely organism?
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S. Aureus
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You culture an organism that is Catalase +, Coagulase -, does not ferment manitol and produces white colonies. There is a well defined ring of no bacterial growth surrounding the novobiocin ring on the plate. Most likely organism?
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S. Epidermidis.
Usually found on Skin normal flora and has high association with Prosthetic infections. |
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You culture an organism that is Catalase +, Coagulase -, does not ferment Manitol and produces white colonies. Colonies grow completely surrounding the Novobiocin plate. Most likely organism?
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S. Saprophyticus
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23 yr old male chef student presents with a cut on his right middle finger. His finder appears swollen with a purulent discharge draining from the knife wound. Patient explains that his happend 2 days ago and a band aid has not made it better. Patient is slightly febrile but has a erythematous streaking line running from the infected finger, up his arm. What is the most likely class of oragnism?
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Strep infection
More than likely strep pyogens. (would need culture to confirm) Strep spreads Staph Stays Treat with Pen G or V or vancomycin if resistant. |
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22 yr old college student presents with large open wound on the back of his neck. He states it has been there for a couple of weeks. He says it is sore and that it does ooze sometimes. You think it is a carbuncle. What would you expect the cultures to reveal and what would you treat him with?
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Gram Pos. Cocci in clusters. Catalase pos. Coagulase Pos. (Staph Aureus)
Treatment: Naf for Staph = Naphacillin or Methacillin If Methacillin resistant than Vacnomycin S. Aureus can also cause -Impetigo -WOUND INFECTIONS -Acute MASTITIS |
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A prostitute presents in the ER w/ complaints of vaginal "cottage cheese" as she phrased it.
You confirm her description with examination and take a small biopsy. Lab reports state pseudohyphae w/ branching budding yeast. Would you expect her vaginal pH to be high or low? |
Low
The patient has a yeast infection caused by Candida Albicans Yeasts prefer acidic environments Bacteria prefer basic environments |
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A laboratory culture from a vaginal swab comes back with a low pH and pseudohyphae.
What would be your treatment of choice? |
Fluconazole (Diflucan)
The patient has a yeast infection caused by Candida Albicans |
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A 40 year old prostitute presents in your ER w/ white patches covering her tongue.
You scrape her tongue w/ your tongue depressor and find the white patch scrapes off easily. What can you say about your patient w/ some certainity? She likely has oral HSV 1 She likely has oral HSV 2 She likely has HIV She likely burned her tongue |
She likely has HIV
Oral candidiasis (AKA oral thrush) is uncommon in adults and is a sign of immunocompromisation |
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A college student presents in your clinic because of recurrent cold sores.
She states that her cold sores show up whenever she has an exam and they have become very bothersome. How would you describe the causative agent? |
DS DNA, Icosahedral, Enveloped
Herpes Virus |
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A baby presents w/ multiple skin eruptions that have a bulls-eye appearance.
You know the correct terminology and diagnose the lesions as Erythema Multiforme. If this bulls-eye lesion is caused by a pathogen, where is it located? |
In the Dorsal Root Ganglion
Erythema Multiforme describes Herpes |
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38 yr old female has been in the hospital for 3 days for treatment an abscess on her left shoulder. She has not become severely febrile, has a disseminated rash on her trunk and back, her skin is starting to peal off and she is now hypotensive. What is the diagnosis, most likely organism and treatment
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Toxic Shock Syndrome
Caused by Staph Aureus Strep pyogens can also causee it. Treat with high dose Naph or Penicillin. Also treat with clindimycin and vancomycin. |
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Newborn is febrile with extensive rash extending from his inflammed umbilicus superiorly to his chest. His skin is starting to Desquamate and he is febrile. Diagnosis, organism and treatment.
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Scalded skin syndrome
Caused by: Staph Aureus. caused by Staph exotoxin A and B Known to have fine sheets of skin peeling off to reveal moist red skin beneath. Treat with high dose Nafacillin or Methacillin. |
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A 6 yo child presents to your clinic w/ warts on his hands.
His mother tells you she heard on the internet that warts in a child less than 10 is an early sign of cancer. What do you know about the causative agents of warts on the hands and the correlation to cancer? |
Warts are generally caused by HPV 6 & 11
Cancer correlation is very low, since these two strains of HPV typically aren't associated w/ cancer |
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A sexually active teenager presents to your clinic for a pelvic exam.
You notice a cauliflower appearance protruding from her vagina. She claims she doesn't always use protection and she isn't sure why she should as long as she is taking birth control. What is your diagnosis of the pelvic exam? |
Genital warts associated w/ HPV (likely 6 & 11)
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A middle-school girl presents in your clinic for a sore throat.
You decide to order a laryngeal scope on the girl and notice squamous hyperplasia of her larynx. You question the girl about her sexual history and she states that she has never had sex because she wants to stay a virgin; however, she frequently engages in oral sex. What is the likely causative agent for the lesion on her larynx? |
HPV 16 & 18
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