Skin Lesions

Front 1

Name of a circumscribed, flat discoloration that may be brown, blue, red, or hypo pigmented and measures < 1 cm? They are nonpalpable.

Example?

Back 1

Macule

ex: Becker's nevus

Front 2

Name of a flat, circumscribed, discolored, nonpalpable lesion > 1 cm?

Back 2

Patch

Front 3

Name of an elevated solid lesion up to 1.0 cm in diameter that is palpable? Color varies. It is confined to the epidermis.

Back 3

Papule

Front 4

Name of a circumscribed, elevated, superficial, solid lesion more than 1.0 cm in diameter, often formed by the confluence of papules? They involve the epidermis only.

Example?

Back 4

Plaque

ex: psoriasis

Front 5

Name of a a circumscribed, elevated, solid lesion that extends into the dermis.
(Squeeze it!)

Example?

Back 5

Nodule

ex: Neurofibromatosis

Front 6

Name a circumscribed collection of leukocytes that varies in size?

Example?

Back 6

Pustule

ex: Folliculitis

Front 7

Name of a a circumscribed collection of free fluid up to 1.0 cm in diameter? They involve the epidermis only.

Example?

Back 7

Vesicle

ex: Herpes simplex

Front 8

Name of a circumscribed, superficial collection of free fluid more than 1.0 cm in diameter?

Example?

Back 8

Bulla (blister)

ex: Herpes zoster

Front 9

Name of a firm edematous plaque resulting from infiltration of the dermis with fluid? They are transient and may last only a few hours. Also known as Urticaria.

Back 9

Wheal (hives)

Front 10

Name of excess dead epidermal cells that are produced by abnormal keratinization and shedding? May be seen in any chronic dermatitis.

Example?

Back 10

Scales

ex: psoriasis

Front 11

Name of a collection of dried serum and cellular debris? Also known as a scab.

Example?

Back 11

Crust

ex: Impetigo

Front 12

Name of thick, palpable, upraised, irregular, dry, necrotic tissue or ‘slough’?

Back 12

Eschar

Front 13

Name of a focal loss of epidermis, where the erosions do not penetrate below the dermoepidermal junction? and therefore heal without scarring

Example?

Back 13

Erosion

ex: Tinea pedis

Front 14

Name of a focal loss of epidermis and dermis? They heal with scarring

Example?

Back 14

Ulcer

ex: Chancroid

Front 15

Name of a linear loss of epidermis and dermis with sharply defined, nearly vertical walls?

Example?

Back 15

Fissure

ex: Eczema

Front 16

Name of a depression in the skin resulting from thinning of the epidermis or dermis?

Example?

Back 16

Atrophy

ex: topical and intralesional steroids

Front 17

Name of an abnormal formation of connective tissue implying dermal damage? After injury or surgery, they are initially thick and pink but with time become white and atrophic.

Example?

Back 17

Scar (cicatrix)

ex: Keloid (hypertrophic scar)

Front 18

Name of an erosion caused by scratching? They are often linear erosions

Back 18

Excoriation

Front 19

Name of a plug of sebaceous and keratinous material lodged in the opening of a hair follicle?

The follicular orifice may be:
a) dilated
b) or narrowed

Back 19

Comedone

a) blackhead
b) whitehead or closed comedone

Front 20

Name of a small, superficial keratin cyst with no visible opening?

Back 20

Milia

Front 21

Name of a circumscribed lesion with a wall and a lumen? The lumen may contain fluid or solid matter

Back 21

Cyst

Front 22

Name of a narrow, elevated, tortuous channel produced by a parasite?

Back 22

Burrow

Front 23

Name of an area of thickened epidermis induced by scratching? The skin lines are accentuated so that the surface looks like a washboard

Back 23

Lichenification

Front 24

Name of dilated superficial blood vessels often with skin thinning?

Back 24

Telangiectasia

Front 25

Name of a circumscribed, upraised deposit of blood less than 0.5 cm in diameter that does not blanch?

Back 25

Petechiae

Front 26

Name of a circumscribed, upraised deposit of blood greater than 0.5 cm in diameter that does not blanch?

Back 26

Purpura

Front 27

Name of bruises, more extensive than purpura, round or irregular and flat?

Back 27

Ecchymosis

Front 28

Name of diffuse redness of the skin caused by inflammation?

Back 28

Erythema

Front 29

Name of a focal urticaria secondary to stroking or scratching in the distribution of the pressure?

Back 29

Dermatographism

Front 30

Name of rapid swelling of a lesion after pressure is applied?

Back 30

Darier's sign

(Darin is PHAST! - rapid swelling)

Front 31

Name of epidermal shearing with minimal lateral pressure in seemingly uninvolved skin?

Back 31

Nikolsky's sign

Front 32

Name of appearance of multifocal pinpoint bleeding after removing a plaque or crust?

Back 32

Auspitz sign

Front 33

Name of appearance of lesions along areas of irritation?

Back 33

Koebner phenomenon

Front 34

Name of softening and whitening of skin that is constantly wet due to chronic water or urine exposure, edema, ointments, or barrier dressings?

Back 34

Maceration

Front 35

Name the disease:
Superficial, flattened papules covered by a dry scale. Often multiple; can be round or irregular; pink, tan, or grayish. Appear on sun-exposed skin of older, fair-skinned people.

Back 35

Actinic Keratosis

Though benign, 1 of every 1000 per year develop into squamous cell carcinoma (suggested by rapid growth, induration, redness at the base, and ulceration). Keratoses on face and hand are typical locations.

Front 36

Name the disease:
Common, benign, yellowish to brown raised lesions that feel slightly greasy and velvety or warty and have a "stuck on" appearance.

Back 36

Seborrheic Keratosis

Typically multiple and symmetrically distributed on the trunk of older people, but may also appear on the face and elsewhere. In black people, often younger women, may appear as small, deeply pigmented papules on the cheeks and temples (dermatosis papulosa nigra).

Front 37

Name the disease:
Grows slowly and seldom metastasizes even though it is malignant. An initial translucent nodule spreads, leaving a depressed center and a firm elevated border. Telangiectatic vessels are often visible. It is most common in fair-skinned adults 40 years and older, and usually appears on the face.

Back 37

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Front 38

Usually appears on sun-exposed of fair-skinned adults older than 60 years. It may develop in an actinic keratosis. It usually grows more quickly than basal cell carcinoma, is firmer, and looks redder. Face and back of hands are often affected.

Back 38

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Front 39

Name it:
Usually appears in the first few decades. Several may arise at the same time, but their appearance usually remains unchanged.
Round/oval shape, sharply defined borders, uniform color (especially tan or brown), diameter <6 mm, and flat or raised surface.

Back 39

Benign Nevus

Changes in the features raise the spectre of atypical (dysplastic) nevi, or melanoma. Atypical nevi are varied in color but often dark and larger than 6 mm, with irregular borders that fade into the surrounding skin. Look for atypical nevi on the trunk. They may number more than 50 to 100.

Front 40

Name the disease:
Asymmetry, irregular borders (especially notching), variation in color (especially mixtures of black, blue, and red), and diameter >6 mm.

Back 40

Malignant Melanoma

ABCDs!
Melanoma risk factors: intense year-round sun exposure, blistering sunburns in childhood, fair skin that freckles or burns easily (especially if blonde or red hair), family hx of melanoma, and nevi that are changing or atypical, especially if the patient is older than 50 years.
Changing nevi may have new swelling or redness beyond the border, scaling, oozing, or bleeding, or sensations such as itching, burning, or pain.
On darker skin, look for melanomas under the nails, on the hands, or on the soles of the feet.

Front 41

What is the outermost keratinized, dead layer of skin called?

Back 41

Epidermis

Front 42

Which layer is 0.5 - 1.5 mm thick?

Back 42

Epidermis

Front 43

Which layer is avascular?

Back 43

Epidermis

Front 44

Where are keratin and melanin formed?

Back 44

In the basal inner layer of the epidermis

Front 45

Which layer is 0.3 - 3 mm thick?

Back 45

Dermis

Front 46

Which layer is well supplied with blood and nerve tissue and provides nutrition to the epidermis?

Back 46

Dermis

Front 47

What can be found in the dermis?

Back 47

Blood and nerve tissue, collagen, connective tissue, reticular fibers, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair follicles.

Front 48

Which layer is primarily adipose tissue?

Back 48

Subcutaneous tissue

Front 49

What are the 2 types of sweat glands?

Back 49

Eccrine and Apocrine

Front 50

Which sweat glands are widely distributed, open directly to skin surface, produce sweat to regulate body heat?

Back 50

Eccrine

Front 51

Which sweat glands are in mainly axillary and genital regions, usually open into hair follicles and are stimulated by emotional stress? They are responsible for body odor secondary to bacterial decomposition.

Back 51

Apocrine glands

Front 52

Which glands produce a waxy substance that is secreted onto the skin surface through the hair follicles?

Back 52

Sebaceous glands

Front 53

Where are sebaceous glands NOT located?

Back 53

Palms and soles

Front 54

What are primary causes of clubbing?

Back 54

Idiopathic/congenital associated with no pathology

Front 55

What are secondary causes of clubbing?

Back 55

Clubbing is associated with hypoxic lung, cardiovascular, or liver disease. Its presence is nonspecific

Front 56

What is the methodical approach to the diagnosis of skin diseases?

Back 56

1. History: duration, onset, location, symptoms, family history, allergies, occupation, exposures, previous treatments
2. Location/Arrangement/Distribution
3. Primary lesion: initial presenting lesion (show me a new lesion, healed lesion, etc)
4. Secondary lesion: changing morphology
5. Description
6. Differential Dx
7. Testing/Treatment

Happy
LADs
Practice
Singing
During
Daily
Tasks

:)