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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the outer most layer of skin?
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Epidermis
- It is the thin avascular superficial layer of skin, and it is made up of an outer dead cornified portion that serves as a protective barrier and a deeper, living portion that folds into the dermis. |
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What is the second skin layer?
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Dermis
- It contains collagen bundles and supports the nerve and vascular network. - It is the connective tissue below the epidermis. Dermal thickness varies from 1 to 4 mm. |
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What is the subcutaneous layer composed of?
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Primarily of fat and loose connective tissue.
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What are Melanocytes?
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Melanocytes are contained in the deep, basal layer (stratum germinativum) of the epidermis. They contain melanin, a pigment that gives color to the skin and hair and protects the body from damaging ultraviolet (UV) sunlight. Sunlight and hormones stimulate the melanosome (within the melanocyte) to produce melanin.
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What is a very important regulatory function of the dermis?
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The dermis is highly vascular and assists in body temperature and blood pressure regulation.
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What is the primary function of the skin?
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Protection.
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Is the subcutaneous tissue part of the skin?
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No. It lies below the dermis and attaches the skin to underlying tissues such as the muscle and bone.
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What are skin appendages?
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- Hair
- Nails - Glands (sebaceous, apocrine, and eccrine). - These structures develop from the epidermal layer and receive nutrients, electrolytes, and fluids from the dermis. Hair and nails form from specialized keratin that becomes hardened. |
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How does nails grow?
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Nails grow from the matrix. The matrix is commonly called the lunula, which is the white crescent-shaped area visible through the nail plate. The nail plate adheres to and is supported by the nail bed.
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How fast do a lost fingernail regenerate in comparison to a lost toenail?
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A lost fingernail may require 3 to 6 months, whereas a lost toenail may require 12 months or more for regeneration.
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What are the apocrine sweat glands and where are they located?
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The apocrine sweat glands are located in the axillae, breast areolae, umbilical and anogenital areas, external auditory canals, and eyelids.
They secrete a thick milky substance of unknown composition that becomes odoriferous when altered by skin surface bacteria. These glands enlarge and become active at puberty because of reproductive hormones. |
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what are the eccrine sweat gland and where are they located?
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The eccrine sweat glands are widely distributed over the body, except in a few areas, such as the lips. One square inch of skin contains about 3000 of these sweat glands.
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Where is the most reliable areas to assess erythema, cyanosis, pallor, and jaundice?
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- Areas of least pigmentation, such as the sclerae, conjunctivae, nail beds, lips, and buccal mucosa. The true skin color is best observed in photo-protected areas, such as the buttocks.
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What is pseudofolliculitis?
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Inflammatory response to ingrown hairs that is thought to occur after shaving closely, and is characterized by pustules and papules. Predominately occurs in people with dark skin.
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What is the Tzanck test?
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Also known as the Wright's and Giemsa's stain, it is a diagnostic study in which fluid and cells from vesicles are examined. It is used to diagnose herpes infections. Specimen is put on a slide, stained, and examined microscopically.
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