Skin, Hair, And Nails

Front 1

alopecia

Back 1

(baldness) hair loss

Front 2

annular

Back 2

circular shape to skin lesion

Front 3

bulla

Back 3

elivated cavity containing free fluid larger than 1 cm diameter

Front 4

confluent

Back 4

skin lesions that run together

Front 5

crust

Back 5

thick, dried-out exudate left on skin when vesicles/pustules burst or dry up

Front 6

cyanosis

Back 6

dusky blue color to skin or mucous membranes due to increased amount of unoxygenated hemoglobin

Front 7

erosion

Back 7

scooped out, shallow depression in skin

Front 8

erythema

Back 8

intense redness of skin due to exces blood in dilated superficial capillaries, as in fever or inflammation

Front 9

excoriation

Back 9

self-inflicted abrasion on skin due to scratching

Front 10

fissure

Back 10

linear crack in skin extending to dermis

Front 11

furuncle

Back 11

(boil) suppurative inflammatory skin lesion due to infected hair follicle

Front 12

hemangiom

Back 12

skin lesion do to benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis

Front 13

iris

Back 13

target-shaped skin lesion

Front 14

jaundice

Back 14

yellow color to skin, palate, and sclera due to excess bilirubin in the blood

Front 15

keloid

Back 15

hypertrophic scar, elevated beyond site of original injury

Front 16

lichenification

Back 16

tightly packed set of papules that thickens the skin, from prolonged intense scratching

Front 17

lipoma

Back 17

benign fatty tumor

Front 18

maceration

Back 18

softening of tissue by soaking

Front 19

macule

Back 19

flat skin lesion with only a color change

Front 20

nevus

Back 20

(mole) circumscribed skin lesion due to excess melanocytes

Front 21

nodule

Back 21

elevated skin lesion, > 1 cm diameter

Front 22

pallor

Back 22

excessively pale, whitish-pink color to lightly pigmented skin

Front 23

papule

Back 23

palpable skin lesion of < 1 cm diameter

Front 24

placque

Back 24

skin lesion in which papules coalesce or come together

Front 25

pruritus

Back 25

itching

Front 26

purpura

Back 26

red-purple skin lesion due to blood in tissues from breaks in blood vessels

Front 27

pustule

Back 27

elevated cavity containing thick turbid fluid

Front 28

scale

Back 28

compact dessicated flakes of skin from shedding of dead skin cells

Front 29

telangiectasia

Back 29

skin lesion due to permanently enlarged and dilated blood vessels that are visible

Front 30

ulcer

Back 30

sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue that causes deep depression in skin, extending into dermis

Front 31

vesicle

Back 31

elevated cavity containing free fluid up to 1 cm diameter

Front 32

wheal

Back 32

raised skin lesion due to interstitial fluid

Front 33

zosteriform

Back 33

linear shape of skin lesion along a nerve route

Front 34

vellus hair

Back 34

fine, faint hair covering most of the body

Front 35

terminal hair

Back 35

darker thicker hair that grows on the scalp and eyebrows, and after puberty, on the axillae, pubic area, and face and chest in male

Front 36

sebacious glands
-product
-location

Back 36

produce a protective lipid substance (sebum) that lubricates skin and hair; secreted through hair follicles; everywhere except palms and soles; most abundant in scalp, forehead, face, and chin

Front 37

eccrine glands
-product
-location

Back 37

produce sweat to reduce body temperature; open directly onto skin surface; widely distributed through the body

Front 38

appocrine glands
-product
-location

Back 38

produce thick, milky secretion and open into hair follicles; located mainly in axillae, anogenital area, nipples, and navel

Front 39

lanugo

Back 39

fine downy hair of the newborn infant

Front 40

vernix caseosa

Back 40

thick, cheesy substance made up of sebum and shed epithelial cells present at birth

Front 41

cradle cap

Back 41

scaly crusted scalp occurs with seborrheic dermatitis

Front 42

linea negra

Back 42

increased pigment in midline of the abdomen of a pregnant female

Front 43

striae gravidarum

Back 43

stretch marks resulting from pregnancy

Front 44

senile purpura

Back 44

dark red discolored areas in aging adults, produced by minor trauma

Front 45

pseudofolliculitis

Back 45

"razor bumps" or "ingrown hairs" caused by shaving to closely

Front 46

melasma

Back 46

"mask of pregnancy," a patchy tan to dark brown discoloration of the face; found among blacks

Front 47

hypopigmentation

Back 47

loss of pigmentation

Front 48

hyperpigmentation

Back 48

increase in color

Front 49

seborrhea

Back 49

excessive secretion of sebum; oily skin

Front 50

xerosis

Back 50

dryness, especially of the skin, eyes, or mucous membranes

Front 51

hirsutism

Back 51

shaggy or excessive hair

Front 52

vitiligo

Back 52

the complete absence of melanin pigment in patchy areas of white or light skin on the face, neck, hands, feet, body folds and around orifices; an acquired condition

Front 53

mnemonic for dangerous abnormal characteristics of pigmented lesions

Back 53

A (asymmetry),
B (border irregularity),
C (color variation),
D (diameter > 6 mm),
E (elevation and enlargment)

Front 54

petechiae

Back 54

tiny punctate hemorrhages, 1 to 3 mm, round and discrete, dark red, purple or brown in color; caused by bleeding from superifical capillaries; will not blanch

Front 55

ecchymosis

Back 55

bruising; the passage of blood from ruptured blood vessels into subcutaneous tissue, marked by a purple discoloration of the skin

Front 56

diaphoresis

Back 56

profuse perspiration

Front 57

edema

Back 57

fluid accumulating in the intercellular spaces

Front 58

mobility (skin)

Back 58

the skin's ease of rising

Front 59

turgor (skin)

Back 59

the skin's ability to return to place promptly when released

Front 60

hematoma

Back 60

a bruise you can feel; it elevates the skin an is seen as swelling

Front 61

cherry (senile) angiomas

Back 61

small (1-5 mm), smooth, slightly raised bright red dots that commonly appear on the trunk in all adults over 30 y.o.

Front 62

lesions

Back 62

traumatic or pathological changes in previouslynormal structures

Front 63

primary lesion

Back 63

a lesion that develops on previously unaltered skin

Front 64

secondary lesion

Back 64

a lesion that changes over time because of a factor such as scratching or infection

Front 65

blanching

Back 65

a decrease in in the normal underlying red tones of the skin produced by stretching the area between your thumb and index finger

Front 66

leukonychia striata

Back 66

normal, white hairline linear markings from trauma or picking at the cuticle

Front 67

mongolian spot

Back 67

a blue-black to purple macular area at the sacrum or buttocks, sometimes on the abdomen thighs, shoulders, or arms; found in black, Asian, American Indian, and Hispanic newborns

Front 68

café au lait spot

Back 68

a large round or oval patch of light broun pigmentation, which is usually present at birth

Front 69

harlequin color change

Back 69

occurs when the baby is in a side-lying position; the lower half of the body turns red and the upper half blanches with a disting demarcation line down the midline

Front 70

erythema toxicum

Back 70

a common rash that appears in the first 3 to 4 days of life, consisting of tiny, punctate, red macules and papules on the cheeks, trunk, chest, back, and buttocks; no treatment needed

Front 71

acrocyanosis

Back 71

a bluish color around the lips, hands, fingernails, feet, and toenails of a newborn that lasts for a few hours and disappears without warning

Front 72

cutis marmorata

Back 72

(in infants) a transient mottling of the trunk and extremities in response to cooler room temperatures

Front 73

physiological jaundice

Back 73

yellowing of the skin sclera, and mucous membranes that develops after the 3rd or 4th day of life because of the increased numbers of red blood cells that hemolyze after birth

Front 74

carotenemia

Back 74

a yellow-orange color in light-skinned persons (but no yellowing in sclera) from ingesting large amounts of food containing carotene

Front 75

milia

Back 75

tiny white papules on the cheeks, forehead, and across the nose and chin of a newborn, caused by sebum that occludes the opening of the follicles

Front 76

vascular spiders

Back 76

lesions (occuring in pregnancy) having tiny red centers with radiating pranches and occuring on the face, neck, upper chest, and arms

Front 77

senile lentigines

Back 77

liver spots; smal flat brown macules appearing in the aging adult

Front 78

keratoses

Back 78

raised, thickened arease of pigmentation that look crusty, scaly, and warty

Front 79

closed comedones

Back 79

blackheads

Front 80

seborrheic keratoses

Back 80

dark, greasy, "stuck on" lesions that develop mostly on the trunk, face, and hands; do not become cancerous

Front 81

actinic (senile or solar) keratosis

Back 81

red-tan scaly placues that increase over the years to become raised and roughened; occur only on sun-exposed surfaces, and are premalignant

Front 82

acrochordons

Back 82

skin tags

Front 83

polycyclic

Back 83

annular lesions grow together

Front 84

tumor

Back 84

lesion that is larger than a few cm in diameter, firm or soft, deeper into dermis; may be benign or malignant

Front 85

uticaria

Back 85

hives; wheals coalesce to form extnsive reaction, intensely pruritic

Front 86

cyst

Back 86

encapsulated fluid-filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer, tensly elevating skin

Front 87

contusion

Back 87

bruise; a large patch of capillary bleeding into tissues; does not blanch

Front 88

port-wine staine
(nevus flammeus)

Back 88

a large, flat, dark red, bluish, or purplish macular patch covering the scalp or face, frequently along the distribution of cranial nerve V

Front 89

strawberry mark
(immature hemangioma)

Back 89

a raised red bright area with well-defined borders about 2 to 3 cm in diameter

Front 90

cavernous hemangioma

Back 90

a reddish-blue, irregularly shaped solid and spongy mass of blood vessels