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48 Cards in this Set
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- Back
Type I Hypersensitivity
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CD4+ Helper T-cells, IgE, mast cells = histamine (vasoactive amine) = vasodilation, vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, increased secretion of mucous.
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Type I Hypersensitivity Mediators
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Released by Mast cells (lipids) = Prostoglandins (intense bronchospasms, increased mucous secretions), Leukotrienes (bronchial smooth muscle contraction, vascular permeability), Cytokines (TNF recruit active leukocytes)
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Anaphylactic Shock
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systemic anaphylaxis > systemic administration of antigen (penicillin or bee venom) Systemic vasodilation and fall in blood pressure, circulatory collapse, and death.
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Diseases that cause Blisters
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Pompholyx (hand Eczema, dyhydrotic eczema), chicken pox, herpes, impetigo, Bullous Pemphigoid, Pemphigous Vulgaris,
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Pompholyx
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STRATUM MALPIGHII (hand Eczema, dyhydrotic eczema), characterized by small blisters on the hands or feet. It is an acute, chronic, or recurrent dermatosis of the fingers, palms, and soles, characterized by a sudden onset of many deep-seated pruritic, clear vesicles; later, scaling, fissures and lichenification occur.
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Erysiperlas
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disease of the dermis & hypoderm. by infection with Streptococcus. Lytic enzymes by teh organism cause lesion to spread.
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Erythema Chronicum Migrans
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Initial lesion of lyme disease. Causes a ring rash where the tic bite is at the center. Part of cutaenous lyme disease. circle of inflammation by the bacteria.
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Parakeratosis (scaling)
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disruption in maturation, nuclei may not be lost, resulting in immature cells in stratum corneum. If cells are even more immature this can result in the flaking of these cells this is called scaling.
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Lichen Sclerosus et atrophicans
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affecting older women in genitalia, similar to lichen planus, Hypergranulosis & hyperkeratosis. Atrophy is observed.
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Dyskeratosis
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If keratinocytes in the stratum malpighii become kertinized prematurely. NOT DYSPLASIA.
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Scaling
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Small droplets of water and air appear between poorly adherent cells gives it a scaly/silverish look.
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Hyperkeratosis
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stratum corneum becomes thickened in consistency (WITH OR WITHOUT PARAKERATOSIS)
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Hypogranulosis
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Stratum granulosum is either diminished or absent. usually accompanies parakeratosis.
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Acanthosis
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Stratum malpighii is thickened.
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Acantholysis
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If individual keratinocytes are seperated from each other.
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Spongiosis
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If the keratinocytes are still joined at their desmosomes but edema separates the cell membranes. Sponge like appearance.
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Vesicle
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a bubble of fluid between cells (small bubble)
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Bulla
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a bubble of fluid between cells (large bubble). Either INTRAEPIDERMAL or SUBEPIDERMAL
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Pustule
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a bubble of fluid between cells (filled with pus instead of clear fluid)
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PMN (lesions)
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Papule < 5mm
Macule = 5mm Nodule > 5mm |
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Papillomatosis
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A marked increase in the length of the dermal PAPILLAE and RETE ridges
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Lichen Simplex Chronicus
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Lesion that is pruritus and keeps getting pruritus as more inflammation insues due to rubbing. Diffuse thickening of the superficial layer of the skin.
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Callus
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Hyperkeratosis & Hypergranulosis. no extensive papillomatosis. NOT pruritic.
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Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation
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MACULAR (flat) area of darkening that may follow virtually any inflammatory process. Due to hyperactivity of melanocytes.
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Pigment Incontinence
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Melanin deposited in the dermis, where it is absorbed by macrophages. Pigment imports a slightly blue color TYNDALL LIGHT SCATTERING EFFECT. Hyperpigmentation is BROWN/WHITE. not easily reversible.
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Ichthyosis Vulgaris
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Abnormal retention of the stratum corneum (cells on the surface fail to flake off) > stratum malpighii makes stratum corneum more slowly > HYPOGRANULOSUM
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Dermatophytosis
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Caused by dermatophytes (or fungi) infect the skin.
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Candidiasis
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Usually with immunocompromised persons such as AIDS, cancer, diabetes. Yeast which infects skin causes a more pustular reaction.
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Dermatitis (Eczema)
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primarily by edema (intra or extracellular) in stratum malpighii, mild = spongiosis severe = intraepidermal vesicles of bullae. interference with cellular maturation > hypogranulosis > parakeratosis > transudate/edematous cells go to the top and crust> dilation of blood vessels in the upper papillary dermis > erythema
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Contact Dermatitis
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contact by skin with a substance that combines with a protein on the surface > low grade cellular reaction occurs > immunological and inflammatory mediators are invovled
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Stasis Dermatitis
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lower extremities below the knees, secondary to vascular change due to longstanding stasis of blood.
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Pityriasis Rosea
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probably of viral origin, "herald patch" occur along numerous DERMATOMES simultaneously
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Condyloma Acuminatum
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Due to HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS, papillary growth, multiple lesions,
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Herpesvirus Zoster-Varicell
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INTRANUCLEAR produce aconthylotic vesicles, giant cells are often seen, VERICELLA (chicken pox). ZOSTER - (shingles) affects single dermatome, later in life.
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Herpesvirus Hominus
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INTRANUCLEAR Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 > HERPES SIMPLEX
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Poxvirus
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INTRACYTOPLASMIC. Variola - extinct, pustules, large cytoplasmic inclusions,
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Molluscum Contagiosum
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CAUSED BY POXVIRUS small papules appear on any part of the skin, NEAR GENITALIA, filled with virus infected cells
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Rubeola (measeles), Rubella (German Measles)
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characteristic lesions (KOPLICK'S SPOTS). Rubella teratogenic effects
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Impetigo
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bacterial infection UPPER STRATUM MALPIGHII, producing PUSTULE, extensive crusting and weeping.
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Erysipelas
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DERMIS infection by streptococcus, lytic enzymes by the organism cause lesion to spread. produces localized deep nodule filled with pus. replaces a hair follicle FURUNCLE
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Erythema Multioforme
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associated with (TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS = necrosis of the upper layer of stratum malpighii)
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Pemphigus Vulgaris
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Acantholysis due to autoimmune antibody directed against specific intercellulear cement substance (not desmosomes) due to lytic enzymes. intraepidermal vesicle
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Bullous Pemphigoid
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elderly people, bullae all over body, deposit of IgM and IgG and complement at the basement membrane. EOSINOPHILS release factor that is responsible for the bulla.
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Psoriasis Vulgris
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familial, characterized by lesions, dense scale overlaying a dense thickened plaque. acanthosis. stratum malpighii cells are turning over very quickly 3-4 days. massive parakeratosis, dilated blood vessels in dermal papillae. defect in T-lymphocytes
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Pustular Psoriasis
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PALM PUSTULES, nuetrophil infiltration is prominent, inappropriately treated with antibiotics
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Lichen Planus
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bluish flat-topped plaques, quite pruritic, dermoepidermal junction is disrupted, HYPERGRANULOSIS, HYPERKERATOSIS,
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Acanthosis Nigricans
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diffuse papillary lesion, side of neck, armpit, PAPILLOMATOSIS, neither acanthotic or hyperpigmented. associated with obesity.
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Erythema Multiforme
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secondary process in patient with another acute illness (herpes simplex/drugs allergy). collection of inflammatory cells around BV, necrosis of keratinocytes. circulating CYTOKINES get into skin and kill cells (grey area which expands), behind it > healing process and HYPEREMIA/ERYTHEMA
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