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48 Cards in this Set

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Type I Hypersensitivity
CD4+ Helper T-cells, IgE, mast cells = histamine (vasoactive amine) = vasodilation, vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, increased secretion of mucous.
Type I Hypersensitivity Mediators
Released by Mast cells (lipids) = Prostoglandins (intense bronchospasms, increased mucous secretions), Leukotrienes (bronchial smooth muscle contraction, vascular permeability), Cytokines (TNF recruit active leukocytes)
Anaphylactic Shock
systemic anaphylaxis > systemic administration of antigen (penicillin or bee venom) Systemic vasodilation and fall in blood pressure, circulatory collapse, and death.
Diseases that cause Blisters
Pompholyx (hand Eczema, dyhydrotic eczema), chicken pox, herpes, impetigo, Bullous Pemphigoid, Pemphigous Vulgaris,
Pompholyx
STRATUM MALPIGHII (hand Eczema, dyhydrotic eczema), characterized by small blisters on the hands or feet. It is an acute, chronic, or recurrent dermatosis of the fingers, palms, and soles, characterized by a sudden onset of many deep-seated pruritic, clear vesicles; later, scaling, fissures and lichenification occur.
Erysiperlas
disease of the dermis & hypoderm. by infection with Streptococcus. Lytic enzymes by teh organism cause lesion to spread.
Erythema Chronicum Migrans
Initial lesion of lyme disease. Causes a ring rash where the tic bite is at the center. Part of cutaenous lyme disease. circle of inflammation by the bacteria.
Parakeratosis (scaling)
disruption in maturation, nuclei may not be lost, resulting in immature cells in stratum corneum. If cells are even more immature this can result in the flaking of these cells this is called scaling.
Lichen Sclerosus et atrophicans
affecting older women in genitalia, similar to lichen planus, Hypergranulosis & hyperkeratosis. Atrophy is observed.
Dyskeratosis
If keratinocytes in the stratum malpighii become kertinized prematurely. NOT DYSPLASIA.
Scaling
Small droplets of water and air appear between poorly adherent cells gives it a scaly/silverish look.
Hyperkeratosis
stratum corneum becomes thickened in consistency (WITH OR WITHOUT PARAKERATOSIS)
Hypogranulosis
Stratum granulosum is either diminished or absent. usually accompanies parakeratosis.
Acanthosis
Stratum malpighii is thickened.
Acantholysis
If individual keratinocytes are seperated from each other.
Spongiosis
If the keratinocytes are still joined at their desmosomes but edema separates the cell membranes. Sponge like appearance.
Vesicle
a bubble of fluid between cells (small bubble)
Bulla
a bubble of fluid between cells (large bubble). Either INTRAEPIDERMAL or SUBEPIDERMAL
Pustule
a bubble of fluid between cells (filled with pus instead of clear fluid)
PMN (lesions)
Papule < 5mm
Macule = 5mm
Nodule > 5mm
Papillomatosis
A marked increase in the length of the dermal PAPILLAE and RETE ridges
Lichen Simplex Chronicus
Lesion that is pruritus and keeps getting pruritus as more inflammation insues due to rubbing. Diffuse thickening of the superficial layer of the skin.
Callus
Hyperkeratosis & Hypergranulosis. no extensive papillomatosis. NOT pruritic.
Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation
MACULAR (flat) area of darkening that may follow virtually any inflammatory process. Due to hyperactivity of melanocytes.
Pigment Incontinence
Melanin deposited in the dermis, where it is absorbed by macrophages. Pigment imports a slightly blue color TYNDALL LIGHT SCATTERING EFFECT. Hyperpigmentation is BROWN/WHITE. not easily reversible.
Ichthyosis Vulgaris
Abnormal retention of the stratum corneum (cells on the surface fail to flake off) > stratum malpighii makes stratum corneum more slowly > HYPOGRANULOSUM
Dermatophytosis
Caused by dermatophytes (or fungi) infect the skin.
Candidiasis
Usually with immunocompromised persons such as AIDS, cancer, diabetes. Yeast which infects skin causes a more pustular reaction.
Dermatitis (Eczema)
primarily by edema (intra or extracellular) in stratum malpighii, mild = spongiosis severe = intraepidermal vesicles of bullae. interference with cellular maturation > hypogranulosis > parakeratosis > transudate/edematous cells go to the top and crust> dilation of blood vessels in the upper papillary dermis > erythema
Contact Dermatitis
contact by skin with a substance that combines with a protein on the surface > low grade cellular reaction occurs > immunological and inflammatory mediators are invovled
Stasis Dermatitis
lower extremities below the knees, secondary to vascular change due to longstanding stasis of blood.
Pityriasis Rosea
probably of viral origin, "herald patch" occur along numerous DERMATOMES simultaneously
Condyloma Acuminatum
Due to HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS, papillary growth, multiple lesions,
Herpesvirus Zoster-Varicell
INTRANUCLEAR produce aconthylotic vesicles, giant cells are often seen, VERICELLA (chicken pox). ZOSTER - (shingles) affects single dermatome, later in life.
Herpesvirus Hominus
INTRANUCLEAR Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 > HERPES SIMPLEX
Poxvirus
INTRACYTOPLASMIC. Variola - extinct, pustules, large cytoplasmic inclusions,
Molluscum Contagiosum
CAUSED BY POXVIRUS small papules appear on any part of the skin, NEAR GENITALIA, filled with virus infected cells
Rubeola (measeles), Rubella (German Measles)
characteristic lesions (KOPLICK'S SPOTS). Rubella teratogenic effects
Impetigo
bacterial infection UPPER STRATUM MALPIGHII, producing PUSTULE, extensive crusting and weeping.
Erysipelas
DERMIS infection by streptococcus, lytic enzymes by the organism cause lesion to spread. produces localized deep nodule filled with pus. replaces a hair follicle FURUNCLE
Erythema Multioforme
associated with (TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS = necrosis of the upper layer of stratum malpighii)
Pemphigus Vulgaris
Acantholysis due to autoimmune antibody directed against specific intercellulear cement substance (not desmosomes) due to lytic enzymes. intraepidermal vesicle
Bullous Pemphigoid
elderly people, bullae all over body, deposit of IgM and IgG and complement at the basement membrane. EOSINOPHILS release factor that is responsible for the bulla.
Psoriasis Vulgris
familial, characterized by lesions, dense scale overlaying a dense thickened plaque. acanthosis. stratum malpighii cells are turning over very quickly 3-4 days. massive parakeratosis, dilated blood vessels in dermal papillae. defect in T-lymphocytes
Pustular Psoriasis
PALM PUSTULES, nuetrophil infiltration is prominent, inappropriately treated with antibiotics
Lichen Planus
bluish flat-topped plaques, quite pruritic, dermoepidermal junction is disrupted, HYPERGRANULOSIS, HYPERKERATOSIS,
Acanthosis Nigricans
diffuse papillary lesion, side of neck, armpit, PAPILLOMATOSIS, neither acanthotic or hyperpigmented. associated with obesity.
Erythema Multiforme
secondary process in patient with another acute illness (herpes simplex/drugs allergy). collection of inflammatory cells around BV, necrosis of keratinocytes. circulating CYTOKINES get into skin and kill cells (grey area which expands), behind it > healing process and HYPEREMIA/ERYTHEMA