Skin And Connective Tissue

Front 1

define the three epithelial membranes

Back 1

mucous: moist membrane that lines all body cavities that open to the exterior cutaneous: outer skin
serous: lines body cavities that are closed to the exterior

Front 2

why do layers of serous membrane occur in pairs?

Back 2

membrane protects organs; serous fluid between layers allows organs to slide freely

Front 3

serous membrane lining abdominal cavity

Back 3

peritoneum

Front 4

serous membrane surrounding the lungs

Back 4

pleura

Front 5

serous membrane surrounding heart

Back 5

pericardium

Front 6

synovial membrane

Back 6

soft areolar connective tissue lacking epithelial cells

Front 7

where is epithelial tissue found?

Back 7

body coverings, lining, and glandular tissue

Front 8

what are the functions of epithelial membranes?

Back 8

protection, filtration, absorption, secretion

Front 9

how does the skin protect deeper tissues from ultraviolet radiation?

Back 9

melanin produced by melanocytes

Front 10

how does the skin synthesize vitamin D?

Back 10

modified cholesterol molecules in skin are converted to vitamin D by sunlight

Front 11

how does the skin protect deeper tissues from mechanical and chemical damage?

Back 11

has relatively impermeable keratinized cells; contains pain receptors, which alert the nervous system to possible damage

Front 12

Uppermost layer of external skin covering is full of ______ and hardened to prevent water loss.

Back 12

keratin

Front 13

stratified squamous epithelial tissue capable of keratinizing

Back 13

epidermis

Front 14

dense connective tissue firmly connected to epidermis

Back 14

dermis

Front 15

What are four functions of subcutaneous tissue?

Back 15

anchors skin to underlining organs
serves as shock absorber
insulates deeper tissues from extreme temperature changes outside the body
stores nutrients

Front 16

What are the five strata of the epidermis?

Back 16

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Front 17

What strata contains the only epidermal cells that receive nourishment from the dermis?

Back 17

stratum basale

Front 18

Constantly dividing daughter cells from the stratum _____ push upward through the stratum ____ and the stratum _____, finally dying and forming the stratum _____.

Back 18

basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum

Front 19

strata that accounts for 3/4 of epidermal thickness

Back 19

stratum corneum

Front 20

shingle-like dead cell remnants

Back 20

cornified cells

Front 21

cells that produce melanin

Back 21

melanocytes

Front 22

strong, stretchy envelope that holds the body together

Back 22

dermis

Front 23

What are the two dermal regions?

Back 23

papillary and reticular

Front 24

cells found throughout the dermis that prevent bacteria from penetrating to deeper organs

Back 24

phagocytes

Front 25

_____ fibers make dermis tough, while ____ fibers give skin its elasticity.

Back 25

collagen, elastic

Front 26

How do the abundant blood vessels in the dermis help maintain body temperature homeostasis?

Back 26

when body temp is too high, capillaries become engorged with heated blood, allowing heat to radiate from the surface

when body heat needs to be conserved, blood bypasses the dermis capillaries, allowing internal temp to stay high

Front 27

What is cyanosis?

Back 27

poorly oxygenated hemoglobin turns blood and skin blue

Front 28

What three pigments contribute to skin color?

Back 28

1) the amount and kind of melanin, 2) the amount of carotene in the stratum corneum and subcutaneous tissue, 3) the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin in the dermal blood vessels

Front 29

_____ glands are oil glands that dump _____ onto hair follicles or skin surface.

Back 29

Sebaceous, sebum

Front 30

Why is sebum important to the integument?

Back 30

it keeps skin soft and moist, keeps hair soft, and kills bacteria

Front 31

____ sweat glands are controlled by _____, and are largely confined to the axillary and genital areas.

Back 31

apocrine, androgens

Front 32

Sweat is (acidic/basic) to inhibit bacterial growth.

Back 32

acidic

Front 33

muscles that connect each hair follicle to the dermis

Back 33

arrector pili

Front 34

white crescent on nail

Back 34

lunula

Front 35

inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands

Back 35

boils and carbuncles