Skin

Front 1

What are the layers of the epidermins?

Back 1

1- Basal
2- Spinous
3- granular
4- cornified

Front 2

What are 3 wpidermal appendages?

Back 2

1- sebaceous
2- apocrine
3- eccrine sweat glands

Front 3

Macule?

Back 3

flat, usually colored lesion

Front 4

papule?

Back 4

Dome shaped, solid lesion <5mm

Front 5

nodule?

Back 5

Dome shaped, solid lesion >5mm

Front 6

Plaque?

Back 6

Elevated, flat lesion

Front 7

Vesicle?

Back 7

Fluid filled lesion <5mm

Front 8

Bulla?

Back 8

Fluid filled lesion >5mm

Front 9

Pustule?

Back 9

Pus filled vesicle or bulla

Front 10

Scale?

Back 10

Dry platelike excrescence

Front 11

Lichenification?

Back 11

Thickened, rough skin with prominent markings

Front 12

Excoriation?

Back 12

Traumatic lesion with breakage of the epidermis

Front 13

Hyperkeratosis?

Back 13

Hyperplasia of the statum corneum.

Front 14

Parakeratosis?

Back 14

retention of the nuclei in the stratum corneum.

Front 15

Acanthosis?

Back 15

Epidermal hyperplasia

Front 16

Pappillomatosis?

Back 16

Hyperplasia of the papillary dermis with elongation of dermal papillae

Front 17

Acanthosis?

Back 17

hyperplasia of the epidermis

Front 18

Papillomatosis?

Back 18

hyperplasia of the papillary dermis causing elongation of dermal papillae.

Front 19

Spongiosis?

Back 19

intercellular edema of the epidermis

Front 20

Vitiligo?

Back 20

partial or complete loss of pigment-producing melanocytes

Front 21

What causes vitiligo?

Back 21

an autoimmmune disease--destroys melanocytes.

Front 22

who do you think of when you hear vitiligo?

Back 22

michael jackson

Front 23

Describe a freckle.

Back 23

the most common pigmented lesion of childhood in light skinned white people. Follows sunexposure.

Front 24

T or F: freckles are simply increased amounts melanin taken up in the basal keratinocytes.

Back 24

TRUE

Front 25

Are freckles benign?

Back 25

yes

Front 26

What is solar lentigo?

Back 26

even colored tan/brown macules occurring on sun exposed areas

Front 27

What is a common name for solar lentigo?

Back 27

age spots

Front 28

What exactly causes solar lentigo?

Back 28

It is a benign proliferation of basal melanocytes in a linear fashion. (an actual increase in the # of melanocytes--unlike freckles)

Front 29

What is a nevocellular nevus?

Back 29

Tan/brown uniform pigmented, small, macule/papule lesion with well defined borders.

Front 30

Nevi are composed of aggregates of _______.

Back 30

benign melanocytes

Front 31

Withn a nevi, compound nevi cells tend to be larger toward the ______ and are smaller toward and more uniform toward ______ into the dermis.

Back 31

skin surface, deeper

Front 32

What is one way you can differentiate a nevi from a melanoma?

Back 32

Look at the histology--nevi show maturation

Front 33

Can a malignant nevi arise from a preexisting nevi?

Back 33

yes

Front 34

What is the progression of a nevus?

Back 34

Junctional--> compound--> intradermal

Front 35

Junctional nevi tend to be ___ while intradermal tend to be _____/

Back 35

flat, raised

Front 36

What are 5 clinical signs of a malignant melanoma?

Back 36

1- enlargement of preexisting mole
2- pain/ itching of preexisting mole
3- Development of new pigmented lesion during adult life
4- irregularity of borders of a pigmented lesion. (assymetry)
5- ABCD

Front 37

What is Pagetory's spread of melanocytes?

Back 37

individual melanocytes up in the epidermis.

Front 38

Describe the histo appearance of a malignant melanoma.

Back 38

NOT mature (that is a nevus), -they are big and atypical deep down in the lesion.

Front 39

Describe radial growth in a malignant melanoma.

Back 39

Early: initally the neoplastic transformation in the junction--then upwards spread and to the sides.

Front 40

Describe vertical growth in a malignant melanoma.

Back 40

PROBLEMATIC at this point--it will metastasize. You see growth down into the dermis.

Front 41

HOw is the probablity of metastasis predicted in a malignant melanoma.

Back 41

BY the depth of invasion beneath the granular layer. This determines the STAGE!!

Front 42

T or F: melanomas metastazize to almost anywhere.

Back 42

True

Front 43

What does a dysplasic nevus look like clinically?

Back 43

atypical mole, larger than a normal nevus, irregular borders and varied pigment.

Front 44

What is the histo characteristic of a dysplastic nevus?

Back 44

cyto and architectural atypia. You see bridging of the nest b/t the rete pegs.

Front 45

In the heritable melanoma syndrome the presence of _____ predicts the develpoment of melanomas 100% of the time.

Back 45

dysplasic nevi

Front 46

What is a disctinct feature of the dysplastic nevi?

Back 46

Shouldering--the junctional components tend to go out beyond the edges of the intradermal component. (darker in the center--light around the edges)

Front 47

What are 3 benign epithelial tumors?

Back 47

1- seborrheic keratosis
2- fibroepithelial polyp
3- veruccae (warts)

Front 48

What lesion looks "stuck on", it is flat, round and a plaque with a uniform color.

Back 48

Seborrheic keratosis (happens in old people)

Front 49

Can seborrheic keratosis lead to keratin filled horn cysts?

Back 49

yes

Front 50

What is a proliferation of basaloid cells with keratin filled cysts within the epidermal proliferation?

Back 50

Seborrheic keratosis

Front 51

What is a soft bag-like tumor attached to the skin by a slender stalk?

Back 51

Fibroepithelial polyp

Front 52

The fibroepithelial polyp is found mostly on the ____ of old, old women.

Back 52

neck

Front 53

_______ are caused by HPV.

Back 53

verucae

Front 54

__________ ________ is the most common type of wart--most commonly on the hand.

Back 54

vercuae vulgaris

Front 55

______ _______ is the name for veneral warts.

Back 55

condyloma accuminatum

Front 56

In vercuae you will see cytoplasmic _____- aka ______. This is infected cells with clear halos around the nucleas.

Back 56

vacuolization , koilocytosis

Front 57

What are 3 types of malignant epidermal tumors.

Back 57

1- solar keratosis
2- squamous cell carcinoma
3- basal cell carcinoma

Front 58

What is a pre-malignant lesion with a sand paper consistency on sun exposed skin. Sometimes you will see cutaneous horns.

Back 58

Solar Keratosis

Front 59

_______ may progress to squamous cell carcinoma.

Back 59

solar keratosis

Front 60

In what malignant disorder is characterized by atypical basal keratinocytes, and parakeratosis?

Back 60

solar keratosis (dont forget it has TONS of keratin)

Front 61

If you see nuclei piling up--this is _______.

Back 61

parakeratosis

Front 62

What is the most common tumor arising from sun exposure?

Back 62

squamous cell carcinoma

Front 63

Describe a squamous cell carcinoma.

Back 63

sharply demarcated, red-scaling plaques--nodular and may ulcerate.

Front 64

What percentage of SCC have metasized at the time of resection?

Back 64

only 5%

Front 65

in _____ the squamous cells are invading the underlying dermis.

Back 65

SCC

Front 66

______ are slow growing tumors that rarely metastasize/

Back 66

Basal cell carcinoma

Front 67

T or F; BCC occur due to over sun exposure.

Back 67

True

Front 68

____ manifests as pearly papules with prominent , dilated subepidermal blook vessels.

Back 68

BCC

Front 69

_____ shows (histo) a proliferation of basaloid cells from the basal layer of epidermis and peripheral pallisading and clefting b/t the cell nests and stroma.

Back 69

BCC

Front 70

____ is an advanced lesion that ulcerates and "rolls".

Back 70

BCC

Front 71

Can you have central necrosis with BCC?

Back 71

yes

Front 72

What are 3 forms of acute inflammatory dermatoses?

Back 72

1-urticara (hives)
2- acute eczematous dermatitis
3- Erythema multiform

Front 73

____ is edematous plaques and wheals.

Back 73

urticara

Front 74

____ is characteriszed by localized mast cell degranulation and hypersensitivity I? It is very itchy

Back 74

urticara

Front 75

_______ is read, papulovescicular, oozing and crusted lesions that progress to scaling plaques.

Back 75

Acute eczematous dermatitus

Front 76

Acute eczematous dermatitus is characterized by ____ (histo).

Back 76

spongiosis--with superficial perivascular lymphocyctic infilatrate and mast cell degranulation.

Front 77

_____ in an uncommon, self-limited disorder that appears to be a hyperseneitivity response to drugs or infections.

Back 77

erythema multiform

Front 78

_____ manifests with targetoid lesions.

Back 78

Erythema multiform

Front 79

What are 2 chronic inflammatory dermatoses?

Back 79

1- psoriasis
2- lichen planus

Front 80

Psoriasis mostly affects the _____.

Back 80

elbows and knees

Front 81

What characteristic color is psoriasis?

Back 81

pink and WHITISH SILVERY!!

Front 82

If you peal back the plaquq of psoriasis, what will happen--what is this called.

Back 82

in will pin-point bleed (Auspitz sign)

Front 83

Psoriasis is _____ mediated.

Back 83

T-cell!

Front 84

____ is itchy, purple and flat-topped papules?

Back 84

lichen planus

Front 85

What are 3 bullous/blistering diseases?

Back 85

1- pemphigus
2- bullous pemphigoid
3- dermatitis herpetiform

Front 86

____ is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder resulting from loss of normal intercellular attachments within the epidermis and muscosal epithelium.

Back 86

pemphigous

Front 87

___ is a hypersensitivty II RXN with IgG Ab.

Back 87

pemphigus

Front 88

)______ are tense bullae filled with clear fluid on normal or erythematous skin.

Back 88

bullous pemphigoid

Front 89

____ is a type II hypersensitivity rxn with Ab against the hemidesmosomes of the basal cell layer.

Back 89

bullous pemphigoid

Front 90

____ is pruritic plaques and vesicles with symmetric distribution over the extensor surfaces etc.....

Back 90

dernatitis herpetiform

Front 91

____ have vesicle grouping

Back 91

dermatitis herptiform

Front 92

____ is associated with celiac (gluten-free diet)

Back 92

dermatitis herptiform