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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an exoskeleton and what are its pros/cons?
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A skeleton that encases the whole organism; though it protects well, it must be shed during the organism's growth
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What is an endoskeleton and what are its pros/cons?
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Internal skeleton; it doesn't protect as well but it doesn't have to be shed.
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What is the axial skeleton?
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Skull, vertebrate and ribcage
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What is the appendicular skeleton?
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Limbs, pelvic and pectoral bones
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What is the cartilage part of the skeletal system?
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A firm, elastic matrix called chondrin that is secreted by chondrocytes and used in the fetus skeleton as well as structures needing more flexibility
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What are two properties of cartilage in the skeletal system?
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It is avascular (no blood, lymphatic vessels) and not innervated
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What are two types of bone structures and what are their properties?
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Compact bone and spongy bone; both are vascular and innervated (which is why it hurts so much to break a bone vs getting your ears pierced)
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What is compact bone used in?
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Diaphyses (long part of bones; a marrow channel is in the center)
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What is spongy bone?
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Less dense bone used in the epiphyses to disperse the force of bones rubbing together; filled with yellow fat marrow and red marrow in trabculae. Has the epiphyseal (growth) plate.
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What covers both spongy and compact bone?
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A fibrous sheath called periostem
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What is the bone matrix?
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A matrix that stores minerals, organic and inorganic compounds in the bone; where our bone strength comes from.
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What is the structure of the bone matrix?
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It is ordered into Haversian systems that contain a center Haversian canal surrounded by concentric circles called lamellae that contain blood vessels, nerve fibers and lymph.
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What is the structure of lamellae?
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Within the lamella are spaces called lacunae which house mature osteocytes. They are interconnected by canaliculi which allow the exchange of nutrients.
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What is endochondral ossification?
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How long bones form by the hardening of cartilage (think fetal skeleton to child skeleton)
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What is intramembranous ossification?
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The process of mesenchymal tissue becoming bone.
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What is bone reformation?
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Calcium and phosphate is taken from the blood; osteoblasts help build bone up
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What is bone resorption:
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Calcium and phosphate is released to the blood as osteoclasts break down bone. Osteoporosis occurs from a increased osteoclast activity.
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What are the two types of joints?
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Movable (hinge, knees and elbow) and immovable (skull)
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What are ligaments?
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Pieces of fibrous tissue that connect bones from one to another and strengthen joints
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What is the structure of a joint?
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Joint cavity with synovial fluid, surrounded by a synovial capsule and articular cartilage that coats the bones
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