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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 functions of skeletal system
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1) structure/ support
2) store minerals and lipids 3) blood cell production 4) protection 5) leverage |
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6 Bone types
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1 long
2 flat 3 suturral 4 irregular 5 short 6 semoid |
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Long bones
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in legs and arms; ex: femur, fingers, toes
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Flat bones
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located at the scapula, sternum, skull and ribs
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Suttural bones
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the size ranges from a grain of sand to a quarter; fit like puzzle pieces
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Irregular bones
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include some skull bones, vertebrae, perlvis
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Short bones
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include carpals and tarsals; short and boxy
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Semoid bones
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contained within a ligament; Ex: patella
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Epiphysis
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made of spongy bone; at the end of the bone
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Metaphysis
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where growthplates located; next to the epiphysis
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Diaphysis
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made of compact bone; in the middle of the bone
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4 Type of bone cells
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1 Osteocyte
2 Osteoblast 3 Osteoprogenitor 4 Osteoclast |
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Osteocyte
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1. maintains mineral and protien content of surrounding matrix,
2. repairs damaged bone; 3. does not divide, mature bone cell |
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Osteoblast
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makes matrix until surrouned and then becomes an osteocyte
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Osteoprogenitor
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stem cell;
produces 2 daughter cells that become osteoblasts |
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Osteoclast
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removing/recycling matrix
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Red bone marrow
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blood cell production; part of spongy bone
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Yellow bone marrow
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adipose tissue-energy reserve; part of spongy bone
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Endochondral Ossification (5 steps)
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1. all cartilage
2. Blood vessels surround and move into cartilage in diaphysis 3. bone remodeling begins in center of diaphysis 4. Remodeling of diaphysis ends and blood vessels move into the epiphysis for remodeling 5. Metaphysis remain as cartilage until growth ends |
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Bone Repair (4 steps)
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1. Bleeding occurs, clot forms
2. Internal callus forms in spongy bone, External callus forms (made of cartilage_ 3. Cartilage is replaced by bone 4. Vissible callus forms and heals |
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3 primary joints
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Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis |
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Bones of the axial skeleton
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skull, maxilla, mandible, nasal, zygomatic, cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, ribs, sternum, suturral bones
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Bones of the appendicular skeleton
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scapula, clavicle, humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, tarsals, metatarsals, illium, pubis, ischium, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, calcaneus, tallus
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6 synovial joints
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Gliding
Hinge Pivot Ellipsoidal Saddle Ball and socket |
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Gliding joint
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located at intercarpal/intertarsal joings
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Hinge joint
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located at the elbow and knee joints
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Pivot joint
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located at atlas/axis joints
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Ellipsoidal joint
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located at radiocarpal joint
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Saddle joint
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located at carpometacarpal joint
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Ball and socket joint
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located at shoulder and hip
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Synarthrosis joint
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immovable joint; ex: skull, pelvis
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Amphiarthrosis
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slightly moveable joint; ex: tibia, fibula, vertebrae, right and left pubic bones, sternum, ribs
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Diarthrosis
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freely moveable join; AKA synovial joint; Ex: ankle knee
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