Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
the process of converting other tissues to bone |
ossification |
|
|
when stem cells in connective tissue differentiate into osteoblasts and produce spongy or compact bone |
intramembranous ossification |
|
|
when the formation of a cartilage model of a bone that is gradually replaced by bone |
endochondral ossification |
|
|
bone diameter increases through |
appositional growth |
|
|
normal osteogenesis requires what |
reliable source of minerals, vitamins and hormones |
|
|
organic and mineral components of bone are continuosly recycled and renewed through what process |
remodeling |
|
|
what enables bones to adapt to new stress |
mineral turnover |
|
|
how much calcium is stored in the skeleton |
approx 99% |
|
|
repair of a fracture involves what three things |
fracture hematoma external callus internal callus |
|
|
effects of aging of the skeleton include what to diseases |
osteopenia and osteoperosis |
|
|
surface features that can be used to describe and identify specific bones |
bone markings |
|
|
an abnormal fusion between articulating bones in response to trauma and friction within a joint |
ankyolosis |
|
|
rheumatic disease that affect synovial joints |
arthritis |
|
|
the surgical modification of a joint using a anthroscope |
anthroscopic surgery |
|
|
inflammation of a bursa that causes pain whenever the associated tendon moves |
bursitis |
|
|
inflammation of the tissues at the anterior wrist that causes compression of adjacent tendons and nerves |
carpal tunnel syndrome |
|
|
a condition of extreme height resulting from an overproduction of growth hormone before puberty |
gigantism |
|
|
a condition caused by intervertebral disc compression severe enough to rupture the outer fibrocartilage layer and release the inner soft, gelatinous core, which may protrude beyond the intervertebral space |
herniated disc |
|
|
an abnormal exaggeration of the thoracic spinal curve that produces a humpback appearance |
kyphosis |
|
|
an abnormal lumbar curve of the spine that results in a swayback appearance |
lordosis |
|
|
a dislocation, a condition in which the articulating surfaces are forces out of position |
luxation |
|
|
a branch of surgery concerned with disorders of the bones and joints and there associated muscles, tendons and ligaments |
ortopedics |
|
|
a painful infection in a bone |
osteomyelitis |
|
|
inadequate ossification, leading to thinner weaker bones |
osteopenia |
|
|
a general term that indicates pain and stiffness arising in the skeletal system, muscular system, or both |
rheumatism |
|
|
a childhood disorder that reduces the amount of calcium salts in the skeleton, typically characterized by a bowlegged appearance, because the bone bends under the bodys weight |
rickets |
|
|
an abnormal curvature of the spine |
scoliosis |
|
|
a condition involving weak brittle bones as a result of a vitamin c deficiency |
scurvy |
|
|
a condition resulting from the failure of the vertebral laminae to unite during development commonly associated with develepmental abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord |
spina bifida |
|
|
a condition in which a ligament is stretched to the point at which some of the collagen fibers are torn. the ligament remains functional and the structure of the joint is not affected |
sprain |
|
|
an injury resulting when a sudden change in body position injuries the cervical vertebrae |
whiplash |
|
|
what encloses the brain |
the cranial cavity |
|
|
what forms the forehead and superior surface of each orbit |
the frontal bone |
|
|
form the upper sides and roof of the cranium |
parietal bones |
|
|
surrounds the foramen magnum and articulates with the sphenoid, temporal, parietal bones to form the back of the cranium |
occipital bone |
|
|
form the sides and base of the cranium and fuse with the parietel bones along the squamous suture |
temporal bones |
|
|
acts like a bridge that unites the cranial and facial bones |
sphenoid bone |
|
|
stabilizes the brain and forms the roof and sides of the nasal cavity |
ethmoid bone |
|
|
contains perforations for olfactory nerves within the ethmoid bone |
cribiform plate |
|
|
forms part of the bony nasal septum |
perpindicular plate of ethmoid |
|
|
articulate with all other facial bones except the mandible |
maxillae |
|
|
form the posterior portions of the hard palate and contribute to the walls of the nasal cavity and to the floor of each orbit |
palatine bones |
|
|
forms the inferior portion of the bony nasal septum |
the vomer |
|
|
help complete the orbit and together with the temporal bones form the cheekbone |
zygomatic bones |
|
|
articulate with the frontal bone and maxilarry bones |
nasal bones |
|
|
are within the orbit on its medial surface |
lacrimal bones |
|
|
aid the ethmoid bone in slowing incoming air |
inferior superior middle nasal cancha |
|
|
includes the bones that form the superior or lateral walls of the nasal cavity and the sinuses that drain into them |
the nasal complex |
|
|
divides the nasal cavities |
septum |
|
|
paranasal sinuses are made up of |
frontal sphenoidal ethmoidal palatine maxilaary sinuses |
|
|
how many cervical vertebrae |
7 |
|
|
how many thoracic vertebrae |
12 |
|
|
how many lumbar vertebrae |
5 |
|
|
how many curves does the spinal column have |
4 |
|
|
cervical vertebrae are distinguished by |
oval body transverse formina
|
|
|
a typical vertebrae has a |
body vertebral arch articular process intervertebral disc |
|
|
distinctive heart shaped bodies identify with what vertebrae |
thoraxic |
|
|
vertebrae that are the most massive, least mobile and are subjected to the greatest stress |
lumbar vertebrae |
|
|
reproductive, digestive and excretory organs are protected by the |
sacrum |
|
|
the sacrum articulates with the coccys at the |
apex |
|
|
the sacrum articulates with the last lumbar vertebrae at the |
base |
|
|
the true ribs are ribs |
1 through 7 |
|
|
false ribs are the ribs |
8 through 12 |
|
|
the shoulder girdle consists of |
humurus scapulae clavicles |
|
|
what position the shoulder joint |
clavicle and scapula |
|
|
important sites for muscle attachment of the humurus |
greater tubercle and lesser tubercle |
|
|
the pelvic girdle consists of how many coxal bones |
two |
|
|
the illium fuses with |
ischium |
|
|
the ischium fuses with |
the pubis |
|
|
the pelvis consists of |
the hipbones the sacrum coccyx |
|
|
a ligament from the patella attaches to what on the tibia |
tibial tuberosity |
|
|
immovable joints are |
synarthroses |
|
|
slightly moveable joints are |
amphiarthroses |
|
|
freely moveable joints are |
diathrosis |
|
|
examples of synarthroses are |
suture gomphosis synchondrosis |
|
|
examples of amphiarthrosis |
syndesmosis symphisis |
|
|
bony surfaces at synovial joints are called |
articular cartilagess |
|
|
synovial structures include |
synovial fluid joint capsule menisci fat pads bursae ligaments |
|
|
dynamic motions at synovial joints |
flexion extension hyperextension abduction adduction circumduction rotation |
|
|
major types of synovial joints including |
gliding joints hinge joints pivot joints ellipsoidal joints saddle joints ball and socket joints |
|
|
the articular process of adjacent vertebrae form what |
gliding joints |
|
|
what connects adjacent vertebral bodies and are seperated by intervertebral discs |
symphyseal joints |
|
|
the head of humerus is inserted in what |
glenoid cavity |
|
|
the elbow joint permits only what |
flexion and extension |
|
|
the hip joint is formed by |
union of acetabulumn with the head of femur |
|
|
the hip joint permit |
flexion extension adduction abduction circumduction rotation
|
