Skeletal System

Front 1

A general term for any prominence on a bony surface is a _______.

Back 1

Process

Front 2

One specific type of prominence located on the bony surface is a _______, a relatively large, convex prominence usually involved in joints.

Back 2

Condyle

Front 3

A round surface projecting from a bone by a neck is a _____.

Back 3

Head

Front 4

Prominences and depressions on bony surfaces are landmarks for attachments of associated ______, ______, and ______.

Back 4

Muscles
Tendons
Ligaments

Front 5

Openings in the bone are also landmarks where various nerves and blood vessels _____ or ____.

Back 5

Enter or Exit

Front 6

Areas of the bones that are not prominences or depressions can also be _______.

Back 6

Demarcated

Front 7

A large, often rough prominence is a ________.

Back 7

Tuberosity

Front 8

Tuberosities are typically attachment areas for _____ or _____.

Back 8

Muscles or Tendons

Front 9

An ____ is shaped like a bridge with a bowlike outline.

Back 9

Arch

Front 10

A _____ is a hornlike prominence.

Back 10

Cornu

Front 11

A _______ or ______ is a rounded elevation on the bony surface.

Back 11

Tubercle/Eminence

Front 12

A ____ is a prominent, often roughened border or ridge.

Back 12

Crest

Front 13

A _____ is a straight small ridge.

Back 13

Line

Front 14

An abrupt prominence of the bone that may be a blunt or sharply pointed projection is a ____.

Back 14

Spine

Front 15

One type of depression on the bony surface is an _____ or ____, an indentation at the edge of the bone.

Back 15

Incisura/Notch

Front 16

A depression on a bony surface is a _____/_____, which is a shallow depression or groove that usually marks the course of an artery or nerve.

Back 16

Sulcus/Sulci

Front 17

A generally deeper depression on a bony surface is a ____/ _____. Also, can be portions of joints, be attachment areas for muscles, or have other functions.

Back 17

Fossa/Fossae

Front 18

Areas of the bones can also be demarcated that are not prominences or depressions, such as a ____, which is a flat bony structure.

Back 18

Plate

Front 19

A ______/______ is a short, windowlike opening in the bone.

Back 19

Foramen/Foramina

Front 20

A ____ is a longer, narrow tubelike opening in the bone.

Back 20

Canal

Front 21

A ____ is a type of canal.

Back 21

Meatus

Front 22

A narrow, cleftlike opening in a bone is a _____.

Back 22

Fissure

Front 23

A small opening, especially as an entrance into a hollow organ or canal, is an _____/ _____.

Back 23

Ostium/Ostia

Front 24

An opening or orifice in bone is an _____.

Back 24

Aperture

Front 25

An _______ is an area of the skeleton where the bones are joined to each other. Can be either movable or an immovable type of joint.

Back 25

Articulation

Front 26

A _____ is the union of bones joined by fibrous tissue and appear on the dry skull as jagged lines. Are considered to be generally immovable.

Back 26

Suture

Front 27

When viewed from above/superior the _____, two ____, and _____ cranial bones are visable.

Back 27

Frontal
Parietal (two)
Occipital

Front 28

When viewed from above/superior the suture extending across the skull, between the frontal and parietal bones, is the _____ ____.

Back 28

Coronal Suture

Front 29

When viewed above/superior the ______ ______ extends from the front to the back of the skull, between the paired parietal bones.

Back 29

Sagittal Suture

Front 30

When viewed above/superior the suture located between the occipital bone and the paired parietal bone is the _____ _____.

Back 30

Lambdoidal Suture

Front 31

When the skull is viewed from front/anterior, what bones (or portions of bones) are visible?

Back 31

Frontal
Ethmoid
Vomer
Sphenoid (paired)
Mandible
Lacrimal (paired)
Nasal (paired)
Inferior Nasal Concha (paired)
Zygomatic (paired)
Maxillary Bones

Front 32

The facial bones visible on the anterior view of the skull include.......

Back 32

Lacrimal Bone
Nasal Bone
Vomer Bone
Inferior Nasal Concha
Zygomatic Bone
Maxilla
Mandible

Front 33

The ____ contains amd protects the eyeballs.

Back 33

Orbit

Front 34

The ____ ____ is composed of the lesser wing of the shenoid bone (forming the base) and the palatine bone (a small inferior portion).

Back 34

Orbital Apex

Front 35

The opening in the orbital apex is the ______ _____, which lies between the two roots of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.

Back 35

Optic Canal

Front 36

The second ____ or ____ ____ passes through the optic canal to reach the eyeball. The _______
____ also extends through the canal to reach the eye.

Back 36

Cranial
Optic Nerve
Ophthalmic Artrery

Front 37

The orbital _____ of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone is also included (the posterior portion of the lateral wall).

Back 37

surface

Front 38

Lateral to the optic canal is the _____ ____ _____, between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone. Like the optic canal this connects the orbit with the cranial cavity.

Back 38

Superior Orbital Fissure

Front 39

The third cranial or ___ ___, the fourth cranial or ___ ___, the sixth cranial or ____ ____, and the ____ ___ (from the fifth cranial or ___ ___) and vein travel throuh the superior orbital fissure.

Back 39

Oculomotor Nerve
Trochlear Nerve
Abducent Nerve
Ophthalmic Nerve
Trigeminal Nerve

Front 40

The ____ ____ ____ can be seen between the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and the maxilla. Connects the orbit with the infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae.

Back 40

Inferior Orbital Fissure

Front 41

The infraorbital and zygomatic nerves, branches of the maxillary nerve, and the infraorbital artery enter the orbit through what fissure? The inferior ophthalmic vein travels through this fissure to join the pterygoid plexus of veins.

Back 41

Inferior Orbital Fissure

Front 42

The _____, a midpoint landmark, is located at the junction of the frontal and nasal bones.

Back 42

Nasion

Front 43

The anterior opening of the nasal cavity, the ______ _____, is large and triangular.

Back 43

Piriform Aperture

Front 44

The bridge of the nose is formed from the paired ____ ____.

Back 44

Nasal Bones

Front 45

The lateral boundaries of the nasal cavity are formed by the _____.

Back 45

Maxillae

Front 46

Each lateral wall of the nasal cavity has three projecting structures that extend inward from the maxilla, which are called the ____ ____.

Back 46

Nasal Conchae

Front 47

The vertical partition of the nasal cavity, the ____ ____, divides the nasal cavity into two portions.

Back 47

Nasal Septum

Front 48

True/False
Anteriorly, the nasal septum is formed by both the nasal septal cartilage inferiorly and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone superiorly.

Back 48

True

Front 49

The posterior portions of the nasal septum are formed by the _____.

Back 49

Vomer

Front 50

When viewed from the side, the external skull shows both _____ bones and ____ bones.

Back 50

Cranial
Facial

Front 51

A division between the cranial bones and facial bones can be reinforced by making an imaginary line that passes ____ and ____ from the supraorbital ridge of the frontal bone to the tip of the mastiod process of the temporal bone.

Back 51

downward and backward

Front 52

On the lateral external surface of the skull are two seperate parallel ridges or temporal lines, crossing both the ____ and ____
bones.

Back 52

Frontal
Parietal

Front 53

The superior ridge is the ____ ____ ____.

Back 53

Superior Temporal Line

Front 54

The inferior ridge or inferior temporal line is the superior boundary of the ____ ____ and where the ____ ____ attaches.

Back 54

Temporal Fossa
Temporalis Muscle

Front 55

From the lateral view, the cranium is easily seen, which includes the cranial bones:

Back 55

Occipital
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

Front 56

Present on the lateral view of the cranium are the ____ suture, an articulation between the _____ and ____ bones, and the ____ suture, an articulation between the ___ and ___ bones.

Back 56

Coronal Suture
Frontal and Parietal
Lambdoid Suture
Parietal and Occipital

Front 57

Present on the lateral view is the _____ ___, between the temporal and parietal bones.

Back 57

Squamosal Suture

Front 58

The ___ ___ is formed by several bones of the skull and contains the body of the temporalis muscle.

Back 58

Temporal Fossa

Front 59

Inferior to the temporal fossa is the _____ ____. Deep to the ____ ____ and harder to see is the ______ ____.

Back 59

Infratemporal Fossa
Infratemporal Fossa
Pterygopalatine Fossa

Front 60

The ___ ___ is formed by the union of the broad temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the slender zygomatic process of the temporal bone.

Back 60

Zygomatic Arch

Front 61

The ______ suture is between the zygomatic and temporal bones.

Back 61

Temporozygamatic

Front 62

The zygomatic arch serves as the origin for the ____ ____.

Back 62

Masseter Muscle

Front 63

The _____ ____ is a movable articulation between the temporal bone and the mandible.

Back 63

Temporomandibular Joint

Front 64

True/False
Most of the structures of the inferior aspect of the skull surface are more easily viewed on the skull model if the mandible is temporarily removed.

Back 64

True

Front 65

True/False
The maxillary, zygomatic, vomer, tewmporal, sphenoid, occipital, and palatine bones are visible on the inferior view of the skull's external surface.

Back 65

True

Front 66

At the anterior portion of the skull's inferior aspect is the ___ ___, bordered by the aveolar process of the maxilla with its maxillary teeth.

Back 66

Hard Palate

Front 67

The hard palate is formed by the two ___ ___ of the maxillae and the two ____ ____ of the palatine bones.

Back 67

Palatine Processes
Horizontal Plates

Front 68

Two structures are present on the hard palate. One suture is the ____ ____ suturfe, a midline articulation between the two palatine processes of the maxillae anteriorly and the two horizontal plates of the palatine bones posteriorly.

Back 68

Median Palatine Suture

Front 69

The ___ ___ ____ is an articulation between the two palatine processes of the maxillae and the two horizontal plates of the palatine bones.

Back 69

Transverse Palatine Suture

Front 70

The hard palate forms the ___ of the nasal cavity, as well as the ___ of the mouth. The posterior edge of the hard palate forms the inferior border of the posterior ___ ____ or ____.

Back 70

floor
roof
nasal apertures
choanae

Front 71

The posterior edge of the ____ forms the medial border of the posterior nasal apertures. The posterior nasal apertures are hte posterior ____ of the nasal cavity.

Back 71

vomer
openings

Front 72

Near the superior border of each posterior nasal aperture is the ____ ____.

Back 72

Pterygoid Canal

Front 73

The pterygoid canal extends to open into the _____ fossa and carries the ____ nerve and blood vessels.

Back 73

Pterygopalatine
Pterygoid

Front 74

The ____ borders of the posterior nasal apertures are formed om each side by the pterygoid process of the ____ ____.

Back 74

lateral
shenoid bone

Front 75

Each pterygoid process consists of a ____ pterygoid plate and a ___ pterygoid plate.

Back 75

medial
lateral

Front 76

The depression between the medial and lateral plates is called the ____ ___.

Back 76

pterygoid fossa

Front 77

At the inferior portion of the medial plate of the pterygoid process is the ____.

Back 77

hamulus

Front 78

The larger anterior oval opening on the shenoid bone is the ____ ____, through which the mandibular division of the fifth cranial or ____ nerve passes.

Back 78

foramen ovale
trigeminal

Front 79

The smaller and more posterior opening is the ___ ___, which carries the middle meningeal artery into the cranial cavity.

Back 79

foramen spinosum

Front 80

The foramen spinosum receives its name from the nearby spine of the ____ ___, which is at the posterior extremity of the shenoid bone.

Back 80

sphenoid bone

Front 81

The external surface of the skull is the large ___ ___.

Back 81

foramen lacerum

Front 82

Posterolateral to the foramen lacerum is an opening in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, the ___ ___.

Back 82

carotid canal

Front 83

The carotid canal carries the internal carotid artery and ____ ___ ____.

Back 83

sympathetic carotid plexus

Front 84

A bony projection, the ____ ____, is visible lateral and posterior to the carotid canal.

Back 84

styloid process

Front 85

Posterior to the styloid process is the ___ ___, an opening through which the seventh cranial or ___ ___ exits from the skull to the face.

Back 85

stylomastoid foramen
facial nerve

Front 86

The ___ ___, just medial to the styloid process, is more easily seen if the skull model is tilted to one side.

Back 86

jugular foramen

Front 87

The jugular foramen is the opening through which pass the ___ ___ __ and three cranial ___: the ninth cranial (_____) nerve, tenth cranial (____) nerve, and eleventh cranial (____) nerve.

Back 87

internal jugular vein
nerves
glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory

Front 88

The largest opening on the inferior view is the ___ ___ of the occipital bone, through which pass the spinal cord, vertebral arteries, and eleventh cranial or _____ nerve.

Back 88

foramen magnum
accessory

Front 89

The internal surface of the skull is viewed by carefully removing the ___ half of the skull model.

Back 89

top

Front 90

The frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, occipital, and parietal bones are visible from this view of the ____ surface of the skull.

Back 90

internal

Front 91

True/False
Present are the inside openings of the optic canal, superior orbital fissure, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, carotid canal, jugular foramen, and foramen magnum.

Back 91

True

Front 92

The perforated cribiform plate, with foramina for the first cranial or ____ nerve, and the foramen ____, for the maxillary division of the fifth cranial or ___ nerve, are seen from internal view.

Back 92

olfactory
rotundum
trigeminal

Front 93

In the internal view of the skull are the hypoglossal canal, for the twelfth cranial or ____ nerve, and the internal acoustic meatus, for the seventh cranial or ____ nerve and the eigth cranial or _____ nerve.

Back 93

hypoglossal
facial
vestibulocochlear