Skeletal System

Front 1

Orthopedics

Back 1

Medical specialty that deals with the prevention and correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system

Front 2

Chiropractic

Back 2

Health care professional that deals with diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system

Front 3

Diaphysis

Back 3

main shaftlike portion of a long bone. Hollow, cylindrical shape and consists of thick compact bone

Front 4

Epiphysis

Back 4

Located at each end of a long bone. Bulblike shape that provides ample space for muscle attachments. In children the epiphysis provides the means for the bone to increase in length.

Front 5

epiphyseal plate/line

Back 5

layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis of the bone

Front 6

Periosteum

Back 6

thick white fibrous membrane that covers the surface of the long bone except at joint surfaces.

Front 7

Articular carilage

Back 7

thin layer of cartilage that covers the ends of the long bones and the surfaces of the joints

Front 8

Compact bone

Back 8

hard outer shell of the bone. Diaphysis

Front 9

medullary cavity (marrow)

Back 9

contains yellow marrow

Front 10

Haversian Cancals

Back 10

Contains blood, vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves. Extends length wise of the bone.

Front 11

cancellous bone

Back 11

Spongy bone, not as dense as compact bone

Front 12

Red bone marrow

Back 12

Is stored between the trabeculae. Where blood cell production occurs throughout life. In infants all bones have red bone marrow. In adults still present in ribs, vertebrae, humerus and femur, sternum and pelvis.

Front 13

Yellow marrow

Back 13

Stores fat and is not an active site for blood cell production

Front 14

osteoblasts

Back 14

immature bone cells that actively produce bony tissue

Front 15

Ossification

Back 15

the conversion of fibrous connective tissue and cartilage into bone or a bony substance

Front 16

Osteoclasts

Back 16

Large cells that digest, absorb bony tissue. Eats away old bone tissue from the medullary cavity thus enlarging and make the bone wider

Front 17

osteocytes

Back 17

mature bone cells. Maintain the bone without producing new bone tissue. Mature osteoblasts

Front 18

Bone Processes

Back 18

Projection or outgrowth of bone

Front 19

bone head

Back 19

rounded, knoblike end of a long bone

Front 20

neck (bone)

Back 20

a constricted or narrow section that connects with the head like the femur

Front 21

Tuberosity

Back 21

elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone. Usually for attachment of muscles or tendons

Front 22

Trochanter

Back 22

large bone process located below the neck of the femur, attachment of muscles

Front 23

condyle

Back 23

knucklelike projection at the end of a bone, usually fits into the fossa of another bone

Front 24

crest:

Back 24

distinct border or rdige, upper elevated edge

Front 25

spine

Back 25

a sharp projection from the surface of a bone, similar to a crest.

Front 26

Bone depressions

Back 26

concave(indented) areas or openings in a bone. Forms joints

Front 27

Sulcus (fissure)

Back 27

a groove or depression in a bone

Front 28

sinus

Back 28

an opening or hollow space in a bone

Front 29

fossa

Back 29

a hollow or shallow concave depression in a bone

Front 30

foramen

Back 30

a hole within a bone that allows blood vessels or nerves to pass through.

Front 31

Cranium

Back 31

Contains 8 bones that are immovable

Front 32

Sutures

Back 32

borders of the cranial bones, immovable joint

Front 33

Frontal bone

Back 33

forms the forehead and eye balls. frontal sinuses are located in this area

Front 34

Parietal bones

Back 34

right behind the frontal bone. 2 bones that form the top of the head

Front 35

Occipital bone

Back 35

back of the head and base of the skull. The foramen magnum is located here

Front 36

Foramen magnum

Back 36

a large opening in the base that the spinal cord passes, located in the occipital bone

Front 37

temporal bone

Back 37

2 bones that form the lower sides and part of the base of the skull. contain middle and inner ear structures. Right behind the ear forms the mastoid process

Front 38

Mastoid process

Back 38

serves as a point of attachment for muscles

Front 39

Sphenoid bone

Back 39

bat shaped bone, base of skull in front of the temporal bones. Extends completely across the middle of the cranial floor joining frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal and ethmoid bones. Base of eye orbits

Front 40

Ethmoid bone

Back 40

Lays just behind the nasal bone`

Front 41

Fontanelles

Back 41

soft spots on babies head

Front 42

Ossification

Back 42

the joining of the cranial sutures does not happen for some years after birth

Front 43

Maxillae

Back 43

upper jaw bone

Front 44

Mandible

Back 44

lower jaw bone. Largest and strongest bone on the face

Front 45

Temporomandibular joint

Back 45

TMJ where the mandible meets the temporal bone

Front 46

Zygomatic bones

Back 46

cheek bones

Front 47

nasal bones

Back 47

slender nasal bones give shape to the nose

Front 48

Lacrimal bone

Back 48

small paper thin nail shaped bones located inner corner of each eye

Front 49

vomer

Back 49

thin, flat bone that forms the lower part of the septum

Front 50

Hyoid bone

Back 50

located above the larynx and below the mandible. does not connect to anything. serves as a point of attachment for muscles of the tongue and throat

Front 51

Cervical vertebrae

Back 51

7 bones that form the upper spine. Connects to the occipital bone

Front 52

Thoracic vertebrae

Back 52

12 vertebrae. Connect with ribs

Front 53

Lumbar vertebrae

Back 53

5 bones, larger and heavier than other vertebrae

Front 54

Sacrum

Back 54

attached to the pelvic girdle. One bone that is fused together after chilhhood

Front 55

coccyx

Back 55

tailbone, 4 bones fused form childhood

Front 56

vertebral body

Back 56

thick anterior protion of the vertebra is drum shaped and serves as the weight bearing part of the spinal column

Front 57

intervertebral disk

Back 57

flat circular platelike structures that serve as shock absorbers between vertebral body

Front 58

vertebral foramen

Back 58

serves as the passage way for the spinal cord

Front 59

vertebral arch

Back 59

posterior part of the verebra

Front 60

spinous process

Back 60

projecting from the midline of the back of the vertebral arch

Front 61

transverse process

Back 61

extends laterally from the vertebral arch

Front 62

True ribs

Back 62

first seven pairs of ribs, attach to the sternum and vertebrae

Front 63

costal cartilage

Back 63

extends from each individual rib to sternum

Front 64

false ribs

Back 64

next 3 ribs, connect to the spine but not sternum

Front 65

floating ribs

Back 65

2 ribs attach to the back but float freely in front

Front 66

Radius

Back 66

lower bone connects to thumb

Front 67

ulna

Back 67

connects to pinkie

Front 68

carpals

Back 68

bones of the wrist

Front 69

metacarpals

Back 69

hand bones

Front 70

phalanges

Back 70

fingers, each finger as 3 bones

Front 71

ilium

Back 71

largest of the 3 hip bones

Front 72

iliac crest

Back 72

upper curved edge of the ilium

Front 73

Ischium

Back 73

lowest part of the hip bone and strongest pelvis bone. Boney part you sit on

Front 74

Symphysis pubis

Back 74

where the 2 hip bones met

Front 75

acetabulum

Back 75

connective socket that serves as the connecting point for the femur

Front 76

Tibia

Back 76

shin bone

Front 77

Tarsals

Back 77

ankle bones

Front 78

calcaneus

Back 78

heel bone, serves as attachment for muscles of the calf

Front 79

talus bone

Back 79

joines the tibia and fibia to form the ankle

Front 80

Osteoporosis

Back 80

bones that were once strong become fragile due to loss of bone denisty. Happens more in postmenopausal women, sedentary, long term steoid treament. After menopause because bone calcium decreases.

Front 81

osteomalacia

Back 81

bones become abnormally soft due to deficiency of calcium and phosphorus in the blood. Fractures and noticeable deformities to weight bearing bones. Lack of vitamin D

Front 82

Rickets

Back 82

osteomalacia in children

Front 83

Osteomyelitis

Back 83

is a local or generalized infection of the bone or bone marrow, resulting from a bacterial infection that has spread to the bone through blood. Usually caused by a staph infection.

Front 84

Ewings sacroma

Back 84

malignant tumor of the bones common to young adults, mostly young boys. Usually in long bones. Pain swelling and fever and luekocytosis. Treatment form chemotherapy

Front 85

Osteogenic sarcoma

Back 85

malignant tumor arising from bone. Most common type of tumor. Intermittent and dull aching.

Front 86

Osteochondroma

Back 86

the most common type of benign bone tumor. Femur and tibia. Located within the bone marrow cavity.

Front 87

Pagets Disease (ostetis deformans)

Back 87

nonmetabloic disease of the bone, excessive bone destruction. Unorganized bone formation of osteoblasts.

Front 88

spinal stenosis

Back 88

narrowing of the vertebral canal, nerve root canals or vertebral openings of the lumbar spine. Numbness and tingly in back thighs and calves

Front 89

talipes equinovarus

Back 89

clubfoot. The infants foot is turned outward

Front 90

Kyphosis

Back 90

Abnormal outward curvature of the spine. Humpback

Front 91

Lordosis

Back 91

abnormal inward curvature of the portion of the spine, known as swayback

Front 92

Scolisosis

Back 92

abnormal lateral curve of the back

Front 93

Open fracture

Back 93

compound fracture

Front 94

incomplete fracture

Back 94

greenstick fracture

Front 95

comminuted fracture

Back 95

when force is so great that it splinters or crushed a segment of bone

Front 96

Colles fracture

Back 96

lower end of the radius within 1 inch of the wrist bones

Front 97

Occult fracture

Back 97

not found till several weeks after accident

Front 98

bone scan

Back 98

injection of a radioisotope which is absorbed by bone tissue.