Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Agonist |
Muscle has a major responsibility for a producing a specific movement |
|
Antagonist |
Muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement Can help regulate agonist movements |
|
Synergists |
Help agonist by adding extra force to movement or reduce undesirable movements Can exert force to specific location |
|
Fixators |
Synergists that immobilize a bone so agonist has a stable base on which to act on |
|
How muscles are named |
Muscle location, shape, size, direction of muscle fibers, # of origins, location of attachments, and muscle action |
|
Circular (fascicle arrangements) |
Fascicles arranged in concentric circles, surround external body openings |
|
Convergent (fascicle arrangements) |
Has a broad origin, fascicles converge toward single tendon of insertion, has triangular or fan shape |
|
Parallel (fascicle arrangements) |
Length of fascicles runs parallel to the long axis of the muscle Are straplike or spindle shaped (fusiform) |
|
Pennate (fascicle arrangements) |
Fascicles are short and attach obliquely to central tendon that runs the length of muscle Uni-insert into one side of tendon Bi-fascicles insert into tendon from opposite sides (feather) Multi-many feathers side by side |
|
Lever |
Rigid bar that moves on fixed point (fulcrum) when a force is applied to it |
|
Mechanical advantage (power lever) |
Load is close to fulcrum, effort is applied far from fulcrum, small effort exterted over a relatively large distance can move a large load over small distance |
|
Mechanical disadvantage (speed lever) |
Load far from falcrum, effort is applied near falcrum, force exerted by muscle must be greater than the load to be moved or supported |
|
First class lever |
Arrangement of elements is load, fulcrum, effort Can be both advantage and disadvantage (mechanical) Ex. Raising head off chest |
|
Second class lever |
Arrangement of elements is falcrum, load, effort Mechanical advantage Ex. Standing on your toes |
|
Third class lever |
Arrangement of elements is load, effort, falcrum Mechanical disadvantage Ex. Biceps of arm lifting distal forearm |