Skeletal

Front 1

The skull bones and ribs and bones of the pelvis are types of bones classified by shape as

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flat bones

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Epiphyses at the ends and at a diaphysis in the middle describes

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long bones

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All the bones of the head, vertebral column, and the ribcage are considered together as the

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axial skeleton

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Two examples of short bones in the body are the blocklike bones of the wrists called carpals, and the bones of the ankles known as

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tarsals

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The two ends of a long bone are known as

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epiphyses

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Wherever it lacks a cartilage cover; the long bone is covered with connective tissue membrane known as the

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peritosium

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The marrow cavity in long bones is filled with

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yellow bone marrow

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Bone formation takes place by a process called

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ossification

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Before puberty, the long bone lengthens at a zone of cartilage beyond the ossification center called the

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epiphyseal plate

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Bone is remodeled and dissolved by substances secreted by bone-resorbing cells referred to as

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osteoclasts

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An example of a synarthrosis occuring in the skull is a(n)

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suture

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Movement at a joint in which the angle between two bones is reduced is known as

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flexion

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When a body part is moved away from the midline of the body, the movement is referred to as

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abduction

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When a body part moves toward the midline, the movement is called

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adduction

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Twisting the head from side to side, such as when gesturing no, is the joint movement

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rotation

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Turning the hand so the the palm is facing forward demonstrates the movement

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supination

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While flexion refers to the bending of a joint, the stretching out a joint is

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extension

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Moving a body part bakcward, such as pulling in the chin, is a movement called

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retraction

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Moving a body part forward, such as thrusting the chin outward, is

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protraction

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The bones of the upper and lower appendages comprise the

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appendicular skeleton

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Movement of the bones is provided by the body's

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skeletal muscles

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The cranial bones are fused together at immovable joints known as

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sutures

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The forehead and anterior roof of the cranium is formed by the

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frontal bone

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The cranial bone that has the shape of a butterfly and forms the anterior internal floor of the cranium is the

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sphenoid bone

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Membranous areas between the skull bones present in the newborn are known as

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fontanels

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Each zygomatic bone has a projection forming the anterior cheeckbone and is known as the

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temporal process

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The upper jaw is formed by two bones called

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maxilla

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The lower jaw bone is shaped as a horseshoe and is called the

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mandible

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The vertebral column is composed of 26 bones known as

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vertebrae

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The five sacral vertebrae fuse to one another to form the

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sacrum

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The vertebrae of the neck are known as

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cervical vertebrae

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The unfused vertebrae of the vertebral comlumn are separated from one another by

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intevertebral disks

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An abnormal sideways curve of the spinal column is known as

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scoliosis

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The spinal cord extends through the vertebral column by passing through openings in the vertebrae known as

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vertebral foramena

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The first vertebrae of the vertebral column is called the

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atlas

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The three recognizable parts of the sternum are manubrium, the body, and the

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xiphoid process

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The last two pairs of ribs do not attach to the sternum and are known as

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floating ribs

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The arms are connected to the rib cage by connecting bones organized as the

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pectoral girdle

Front 39

The anterior rod-shaped bone connecting the arm bones to the axial skeleton is the

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clavicle

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The olecranon process is a feature of the

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ulna

Front 41

The phalanges of the hand are the bones found in the

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fingers

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The three bones of the pelvis are the ilium, ischium and

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pubis

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There the ilium joins the sacrum, the joint is known as the

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sacroiliac joint

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The strongest and largest bone of the human body is the

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femur

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The kneecap bone is called the

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patella

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The thing leg bone extending down laterl portion of the lower leg is the

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fibula

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The larger leg bone found on the medial side of the lower leg is the

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tibia

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The ankle of the lower leg is formed by a series of tarsals the number

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seven

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The toe bones are known as

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phalanges

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The posterior cranial floor is formed by the

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occipital bone

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The occipital bone contains a large hole for passage of the spinal cord known as the

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foramen magnum

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The bones that form the side walls of the cranium are called the

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temporal bones

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The mastoid process is a rounded process of the

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temporal bone

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The projection of the temporal bone helping form the cheekbone is the

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zygomatic process