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46 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
which hormones does the hypothalamus secrete?
corticotropin releasing horm.
GnRH
soatostatin
GHRH
prolactin releasing
prolactin releasing hormone
throtropin relesing hormone
what hormones does the anterior pituitary release?
ACTH
FSH
GH
LH
prolactin
TSH
what hormones does the posterior pituitary release?
ADH
oxytocin
calcitonin
what two hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete?
epinephrine
norepi
what hormones are secreted from the adrenal cortex?
ALD
cortisol
what hormones are secreted from the pancreas?
glucagon
insulin
somatostatin
what controls the release of GH?
GNRH and somatostatin
what is the MOA of GH?
stimulates the increase in the size and rate of production of body cells.
enhances movement of aminoacids through membrane.
growth of long bones
what controls the release of prolactin?
secretion restrained by PRH

stimulation by PRH
what is the source of control of TSH?
TRH from hypothalamus
what is the MOA of TSH?
controls secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland
what is the MOA of ACTH?
controls secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex.
what is the source of control of ACTH?
CRH-corticotropin releasing hormone from hypothalamus
what is the source of control for FSH?
GnRH: gonadotropin releasing hormone from hypothalamus
what is the MOA of FSH?
development of egg containing follicles in ovaries stimulates follicles in ovaries to secrete estrogen: stimulates porduction of sperm cells in males
what is the source of control of LH?
GnRH from hypothalamus
what is the MOA of LH?
promotes secretion of sex hormones; plays role in release of egg in females
what is the source of control for ADH?
hypothalamus in response to changes in blood water concentration and blood volume
what is the MOA of ADH?
causes kidneys to reduce water excretion; in high concentration, raises BP
what is MOA of oxytocin?
contracts muscles in uterine wall and those associated with milk secretion
what is the source of control for oxytocin?
hypothalamus in response to stretch in uterine an dvaginal walls and stimulation of breasts
what are two ways that the hypothalamus influences end organ function?
-activates autonomic nervous system
-affects pituitary hormone release
how does the hypothalamus activate the anterior pituitary? and what does it cause?
through special nerve axon channels the hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system : causes pituitary to secrete hormones
what two hormones are not self regulating?
prolactin
GH
what hormones does the pituitary gland produce?
GH
prolactin
LH
FSH
TSH
ACTH
what hormones does the pituitary gland store?
ADH
oxytocin
what does excess prolactin produce?
galactorrhea and/or hypogonadism
what does excess GH produce?
gigantism and acromegaly
what is the blood supply to the thyroid?
superior and inferior thyroid arteries
the thyroid gland lies anterior to the trachea TRUE/FALSE?
true
the parathyroid glands are posterior to the thyroid gland TRUE/FALSE?
true
what are the two distinct groups of hormone prducing cells the thyroid gland has?
follicular cells

parafollicular cells
these cells produce, store and release T4 and T3?
follicular cells of the thyroid
these cells secrete calcitonin?
parafollicular cells of the thyoroid
what substance is the rate-limiting step in thyroid hormone synthesis?
iodide
which circulating hormone is the most active that is produced by follicular cells?
T4
what hormone is the most active form of thyroid hormone?
T3
what controls follicular cell function?
anterior pituitary- derived TSH.
this hormone inhibits osteoclast activity?
calcitonin
the development of facial plethora,a feeling of strangulation, distended neck and head superficial veins, inspiratory stridor and elevation of the jugular venous pressure (JVP) upon raising of the patient's both arms above his/her head simultaneously
+ pemberton's sign
what is a + pemberton's sign indicitive of?
thyroid nodule/goiter
what is the simplest laboratory test if you suspect thyroid pathology?
TSH
if your family has a history of MEN syndrome what should you have your urine screened for?
pheochromcytoma
what is the single most important study in evaluating a thyroid mass?
fine needle aspiration
a syndrome that is caused by excessive secretion of thyroid hormone?
hyperthyroidism
what is the MC cause of hyperthyroidism?
Graves disease
or
diffuse toxic goiter