• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/59

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

59 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Killed vaccines induce what kind of immunity?
humoral immunity only
What are the live attenuated vaccines?
1. Small pox
2. Yellow fever
3. Chickenpox (VZV)
4. Sabin's polio virus
5. MMR- *the only live vaccine that can be given to AIDs patients
What are the killed vaccines?
1. Rabies
2. Influenza
3. Salk polio
4. HAV

Rest in peace always
Recombinant vaccines for viruses (2)?
1. HBV (antigen- recombinant HBsAg)
2. HPV (6,11,16,18)
Parvoviridae- type of virus?
Only ssDNA virus
- linear- like most of them
Which DNA viruses are nonlinear?
papilloma, polyoma, hepadnavirus (circular)
Reoviridae- type of virus?
Only dsRNA virus
Naked viruses
Calicivirus (Norwalk), Picornavirus, Reovirus, Parvovirus, Adenovirus, Papilloma, Polyoma

+Hepevirus (HEV) - ss+RNA, icosahedral

"Naked CPR and PAPP smear"
Enveloped virus that gets it envelope not from the plasma membrane but from the nuclear membrane?
Herpesvirus
HHV-6
Roseola (exanthem subitum)
- high fevers for several days --> seizures --> diffuse macular rash
dsDNA virus that causes hepatitis?
HBV
- has reverse transcriptase but is not a retrovirus
- vaccine available
- partial circular
Most common viral cause of hemorrhagic cystitis in children?
Adenovirus
- dsDNA
Virus that causes fifth disease?
Parvovirus- B19 virus
- ssDNA
- aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease
- No longer infectious once 'slapped cheek' rash appears
- 1st trimester exposure --> hydrops fetalis
JC- progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV?
Polyomavirus
- dsDNA, circular, NO envelope
Poxvirus causes...
1. smallpox
2. Molluscum contagiosum
Most common cause of sporadic encephalitis in US?
- HSV-1
"owl's eye" inclusions
CMV
Tzanck test
smear of opened skin vesicle for multinucleated giant cells
- HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV
Cowdry bodies A
HSV, CMV etc
Heterophile antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs.
EBV- monospot test
Which Hepatitis viruses can lead to active chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis?
HBV, HCV
Which hepatites viruses cause bowel problems?
HAV, HEV
"vowels bowels"
Which hepatitis virus is especially deadly to pregnant women?
HEV
Which hepatitis virus needs to coinfect?
HDV with HBV
IgG HAVab
prior infection
- protective against reinfection
IgM HAVab
active hep A
HBsAg
surface antigen of HBV
- carrier state
HBsAb
Immunity to Hep B
HBcAg
core of HBV
HBcAb
- positive during window period (between acute disease and late) - present throughout
- IgM- recent disease
- IgG- chronic disease
HBeAg
- HBV core
- indicator of viral replication- transmission
- high levels --> high infectivity
HBeAb
- low transmissibility
ALT>AST
viral hepatitis
AST>ALT
alcoholic hepatitis
HBV vaccine is to what antigen?
HBsAg- surface protein
Enteroviruses and their trasmission?
- fecal-oral
- but DO NOT cause GI symptoms --> aseptic meningitis

1. Picornaviruses (coxsackie, echo, polio)
Adding ether to these viruses, kills them
enveloped
Cause of hand, foot and mouth disease?
Coxsackievirus
- picornavirus- ss+RNA, icosahedral
- also causes aseptic meningitis, herpangina, myocarditis
Influenza naked nucleic acid infectious?
NO
ss-RNA- orthomyxoviruses
- linear- 8 segments
Cause of common cold?
Rhinovirus
- picornavirus (ss+DNA, icosahedral, NOT enveloped
Most common cause of infantile gastroenteritis worldwide?
Rotavirus
- Reovirus- dsRNA, segmented, NO envelope
- villous destruction --> decreased sodium and water reabsorption
Fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, fine truncal rash in children
Rubella-
Togavirus- ss+RNA, enveloped, icosahedral
- 3 day German measles
- TORCH infection
Cause of 'measles'?
Rubeola virus- paramyxovirus
- ss-RNA, enveloped, helical
- Koplik spots - buccal mucosa- rash spreads head --> toe
- encephalitis
- giant cell pneumonia
- sub-acute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) years later
Roseola vs. Rubeola?
Roseola- rash starts on trunk and spreads, fever --> rash with no fever
Rubeola (measles)- 3Cs
Cough
Coryza (sx of head cold)
Conjunctivitis
Koplik spots
seal like barking cough
croup
- parainfluenza (paramyxovirus)
RSV virulence?
Surface F (Fusion) protein- resp epithelial cell fuse and form multinucleated cells
tx: Palivizumab- neutralize F protein

- paramyxovirus
fever, malaise --> agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia --> paralysis, coma --> death

-weeks-months of incubation
Rabies- rhabdovirus
ss-RNA, enveloped, helical
- bat, racoon, skunk bites
- travels to CNS retrograde up nerve axons
- Negri bodies- cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons infected
Guarnieri bodies?
Variola- small pox
How can a virus be resistant to acyclovir?
Lack thymidine kinase
- acyclovir is monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase --> guanosine analog
Ganciclovir is used for what infection?
CMV mostly
- more toxic than acyclovir
- same mechanmism as acyclovir
Foscarnet
- viral DNA pol inhibitor
- binds pyrophosphate-binding site of enzyme
- doesn't need viral kinase for activation like acyclovir or ganciclovir

2nd line tx for CMV, HSV
SE: nephrotoxic
Saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir
Protease inhibitors for HIV
- mechanism: inhibits maturation of new virus

SE: GI intolerance, HYPERglycemia, lipodystrophy, thrombocytopenia (indinavir)
Zidovudine
AZT
- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
SE: lactic acidosis, megaloblastic anemia

*Used during pregnancy to reduce fetal transmission
Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Delavirdine
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- inhibits RT of HIV

SE: bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy, rash
Enfuvirtide
Fusion inhibitor- HIV
- bind viral gp41- blocks entry
IFN-alpha use
chronic hepatitis B, C and Kaposi's sarcoma

Mech: block viral RNA and DNA synthesis, induce ribonuclease that degrades viral mRNA
IFN-beta use
MS

Mech: block viral RNA and DNA synthesis, induce ribonuclease that degrades viral mRNA
IFN-gamma use
NADPH oxidase deficiency

Mech: block viral RNA and DNA synthesis, induce ribonuclease that degrades viral mRNA
Ribavirin
Competitively inhibits IMP dehyrdogenase --> no guanine nucleotide synthesis

Use: RSV, chronic hep C

TERATOGEN