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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Killed vaccines induce what kind of immunity?
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humoral immunity only
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What are the live attenuated vaccines?
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1. Small pox
2. Yellow fever 3. Chickenpox (VZV) 4. Sabin's polio virus 5. MMR- *the only live vaccine that can be given to AIDs patients |
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What are the killed vaccines?
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1. Rabies
2. Influenza 3. Salk polio 4. HAV Rest in peace always |
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Recombinant vaccines for viruses (2)?
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1. HBV (antigen- recombinant HBsAg)
2. HPV (6,11,16,18) |
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Parvoviridae- type of virus?
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Only ssDNA virus
- linear- like most of them |
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Which DNA viruses are nonlinear?
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papilloma, polyoma, hepadnavirus (circular)
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Reoviridae- type of virus?
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Only dsRNA virus
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Naked viruses
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Calicivirus (Norwalk), Picornavirus, Reovirus, Parvovirus, Adenovirus, Papilloma, Polyoma
+Hepevirus (HEV) - ss+RNA, icosahedral "Naked CPR and PAPP smear" |
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Enveloped virus that gets it envelope not from the plasma membrane but from the nuclear membrane?
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Herpesvirus
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HHV-6
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Roseola (exanthem subitum)
- high fevers for several days --> seizures --> diffuse macular rash |
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dsDNA virus that causes hepatitis?
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HBV
- has reverse transcriptase but is not a retrovirus - vaccine available - partial circular |
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Most common viral cause of hemorrhagic cystitis in children?
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Adenovirus
- dsDNA |
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Virus that causes fifth disease?
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Parvovirus- B19 virus
- ssDNA - aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease - No longer infectious once 'slapped cheek' rash appears - 1st trimester exposure --> hydrops fetalis |
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JC- progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV?
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Polyomavirus
- dsDNA, circular, NO envelope |
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Poxvirus causes...
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1. smallpox
2. Molluscum contagiosum |
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Most common cause of sporadic encephalitis in US?
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- HSV-1
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"owl's eye" inclusions
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CMV
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Tzanck test
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smear of opened skin vesicle for multinucleated giant cells
- HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV |
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Cowdry bodies A
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HSV, CMV etc
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Heterophile antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs.
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EBV- monospot test
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Which Hepatitis viruses can lead to active chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis?
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HBV, HCV
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Which hepatites viruses cause bowel problems?
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HAV, HEV
"vowels bowels" |
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Which hepatitis virus is especially deadly to pregnant women?
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HEV
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Which hepatitis virus needs to coinfect?
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HDV with HBV
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IgG HAVab
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prior infection
- protective against reinfection |
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IgM HAVab
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active hep A
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HBsAg
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surface antigen of HBV
- carrier state |
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HBsAb
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Immunity to Hep B
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HBcAg
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core of HBV
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HBcAb
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- positive during window period (between acute disease and late) - present throughout
- IgM- recent disease - IgG- chronic disease |
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HBeAg
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- HBV core
- indicator of viral replication- transmission - high levels --> high infectivity |
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HBeAb
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- low transmissibility
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ALT>AST
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viral hepatitis
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AST>ALT
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alcoholic hepatitis
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HBV vaccine is to what antigen?
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HBsAg- surface protein
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Enteroviruses and their trasmission?
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- fecal-oral
- but DO NOT cause GI symptoms --> aseptic meningitis 1. Picornaviruses (coxsackie, echo, polio) |
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Adding ether to these viruses, kills them
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enveloped
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Cause of hand, foot and mouth disease?
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Coxsackievirus
- picornavirus- ss+RNA, icosahedral - also causes aseptic meningitis, herpangina, myocarditis |
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Influenza naked nucleic acid infectious?
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NO
ss-RNA- orthomyxoviruses - linear- 8 segments |
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Cause of common cold?
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Rhinovirus
- picornavirus (ss+DNA, icosahedral, NOT enveloped |
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Most common cause of infantile gastroenteritis worldwide?
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Rotavirus
- Reovirus- dsRNA, segmented, NO envelope - villous destruction --> decreased sodium and water reabsorption |
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Fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, fine truncal rash in children
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Rubella-
Togavirus- ss+RNA, enveloped, icosahedral - 3 day German measles - TORCH infection |
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Cause of 'measles'?
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Rubeola virus- paramyxovirus
- ss-RNA, enveloped, helical - Koplik spots - buccal mucosa- rash spreads head --> toe - encephalitis - giant cell pneumonia - sub-acute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) years later |
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Roseola vs. Rubeola?
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Roseola- rash starts on trunk and spreads, fever --> rash with no fever
Rubeola (measles)- 3Cs Cough Coryza (sx of head cold) Conjunctivitis Koplik spots |
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seal like barking cough
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croup
- parainfluenza (paramyxovirus) |
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RSV virulence?
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Surface F (Fusion) protein- resp epithelial cell fuse and form multinucleated cells
tx: Palivizumab- neutralize F protein - paramyxovirus |
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fever, malaise --> agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia --> paralysis, coma --> death
-weeks-months of incubation |
Rabies- rhabdovirus
ss-RNA, enveloped, helical - bat, racoon, skunk bites - travels to CNS retrograde up nerve axons - Negri bodies- cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons infected |
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Guarnieri bodies?
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Variola- small pox
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How can a virus be resistant to acyclovir?
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Lack thymidine kinase
- acyclovir is monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase --> guanosine analog |
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Ganciclovir is used for what infection?
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CMV mostly
- more toxic than acyclovir - same mechanmism as acyclovir |
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Foscarnet
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- viral DNA pol inhibitor
- binds pyrophosphate-binding site of enzyme - doesn't need viral kinase for activation like acyclovir or ganciclovir 2nd line tx for CMV, HSV SE: nephrotoxic |
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Saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir
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Protease inhibitors for HIV
- mechanism: inhibits maturation of new virus SE: GI intolerance, HYPERglycemia, lipodystrophy, thrombocytopenia (indinavir) |
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Zidovudine
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AZT
- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor SE: lactic acidosis, megaloblastic anemia *Used during pregnancy to reduce fetal transmission |
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Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Delavirdine
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Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- inhibits RT of HIV SE: bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy, rash |
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Enfuvirtide
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Fusion inhibitor- HIV
- bind viral gp41- blocks entry |
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IFN-alpha use
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chronic hepatitis B, C and Kaposi's sarcoma
Mech: block viral RNA and DNA synthesis, induce ribonuclease that degrades viral mRNA |
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IFN-beta use
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MS
Mech: block viral RNA and DNA synthesis, induce ribonuclease that degrades viral mRNA |
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IFN-gamma use
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NADPH oxidase deficiency
Mech: block viral RNA and DNA synthesis, induce ribonuclease that degrades viral mRNA |
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Ribavirin
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Competitively inhibits IMP dehyrdogenase --> no guanine nucleotide synthesis
Use: RSV, chronic hep C TERATOGEN |