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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primary Messenger |
Signal that initiates the pathway; comes to the outside of the cells |
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Ligand |
A primary Messenger molecule |
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Second Messenger |
Used to relay information from receptor-ligand complexes |
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Cross talk |
Competing Inputs from several different signal pathways |
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B-Adrengurgic Receptor |
A 7TM receptor that intercepts epinephrine. |
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7TM Receptor |
A broad class of cell-surface receptors that have 7 helical domains that lie in the cell membrane. |
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Rhodopsin |
A protein in the retina of the eye that senses the presence of photons and initiates the signal cascade responsible for vision. |
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G-Protein |
Binds guanyl nucleotides; the active (GTP) form stimulates adenylate cyclase. |
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G-protein coupled Receptor |
Receptors that transduce the ligand's information first through a G-protein. |
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Adenylate Cyclase |
Produces cAMP from ATP. It is a membrane protein; activated by active G-proteins. |
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Protein Kinase A |
cAMP-activated Kinase that phosphorylates a variety of proteins. Responsible for most of the effects of cAMP in Eukaryotic cells. PKA also stimulates the expression of certain genes by phosphorylation genes a transcriptional activator. |
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B-Adrenergic Receptor Kinase |
Deactivates the B-Adrenergic Receptor as a form of pathway regulation. |
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Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) |
A phospholipid present in the cell membrane; its cleavage is the first step in many signaling pathways. |
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Phospholipase C |
G-protein activated enzyme that breaks PIP2 into two second messengers. |
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Protein Kinase C |
Phosphorylates serine and threonine residues in many target proteins. Modulated IP3 and Ca2+. |
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