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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Afterload |
The amount of resistance against which the heart needs to contract and expel blood. |
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Anaphylactic shock |
Severe shock caused by allergic reaction. Causes localized vasodilation (usually airway). |
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Anaphylaxis |
An extreme, life threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure. |
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Aneurysm |
A swelling of a part of an artery resulting from a weakened arterial wall. |
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Cardiac tamponade |
Heart compression from fluid buildup in pericardial sac. Results in decreased output. |
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Cardiogenic shock |
Not enough oxygen delivered to tissues, caused by low cardiac output. Can be caused by heart attack etc. |
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Compensated shock |
Early stage shock in which the body can still compensate for blood loss. |
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Decompensated shock |
Late stage shock, bradycardia (less than 90 systolic) |
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Distributive shock |
Widespread dilation of small arterioles or venules. Inability of vessels to maintain their tone. |
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Edema |
Presence of excess fluid between tissue cells resulting in localized swelling. |
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Hypovolemic shock |
Shock caused by fluid or blood loss |
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Myocardial contractility |
Ability of the heart muscle to contract. |
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Neurogenic shock |
Circulatory failure from nerve paralysis controlling the size of blood vessels and causing pooling of intravascular blood. (Cervical spine injury). |
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Obstructive shock |
Occurs when there's a blockage in blood flow to the heart or greater vessels causing insufficient blood supply. |
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Pericardial effusion |
Fluid buildup between pericardial sac and myocardium. |
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Preload |
The precontraction pressure in the heart as blood volume builds. |
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Psychogenic shock |
Sudden temporary blood reduction to brain causing fainting. |
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Pulmonary embolism |
A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to lung blood vessels causing obstruction. |
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Septic shock |
Caused by a severe infection, usually bacterial. |
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Shock |
A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable body parts to perform. Also called hypoperfusion. |
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Sphincters |
Circular muscles that encircle and, by contracting, construct a duct, tube or opening. |
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Syncope |
A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness. |
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How much blood is in an average adult body? How much can you lose before blood loss is considered critical? |
5-6L. Sudden loss of 1L (1000cc) is considered critical loss. |
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Calculate blood loss severity |
Critical Loss=weight(kg) x .07 x .25 -Calculate weight in kg by dividing weight (Lb) in half -Weight (kg) x .07=total blood volume -total volume x .25=critical blood loss |
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Early signs of shock (compensatory) |
-Tachycardia -Tachypnea -Low BP (above 80 systolic) -restlessness |
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Late signs of shock |
-Anxiety, restlessness, combative -weakness, faint, dizzy -Thirst -Pale, cool, diaphoretic skin -Cyanosis -More than 2s capillary refill -Dilated or sluggish pupils -Nausea, vomiting -Decreased mentation -Shallow, rapid respiration -Bruising -Further decreased BP |
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Shock classifications |
-Hypovolemic (blood volume) -Distributive (CHI, arteriole & venule dilation) -Cardiogenic (Heart attack) -Obstructive (pulmonary embolism) |
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Adult stages of shock |
-Compensatory -Uncompensated/progressive -Refractory/irreversible |
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Child stages of shock |
-Compensatory -Refractory/irreversible BP in children doesn't slow until basically death. The child body can compensate until over 50% blood loss. |
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Cellular effects of shock |
-Ischemic phase -Stagnation phase -Washout/reperfusion acidosis |
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What kind of shock is Sepsis? |
Distributive |
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What kind of shock is Anaphylaxis? |
Distributive |
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Sepsis |
An infection that causes widespread vasodilation |
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What does Epinephrine do? |
Constricts sphincters in the vascular network to increase afterload and cardiac output and in turn reduce Tachycardia. |
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What type of shock is Neurogenic? |
Distributive |
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Late signs of Shock |
-Anxiety, restlessness, combativeness -Weak, faint, dizzy -Thirst -Pale, cool, clammy skin -Cyanosis -Longer than 2s cap refill -Dilated or sluggish pupils -Nausea, vomiting |
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Critical signs of shock |
-Decreased mentation -Shallow, rapid respirations -Bruising -Decreased BP |
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Compensated shock |
The body's attempt to reverse the initial effects of shock. Symptoms include increased ventilation and BP and restlessness. |
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Progressive shock |
Cellular function continues to deteriorate despite the body's effort to compensate. Anaerobic metabolism produces increased acidosis. |
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Refractory/irreversible shock |
Organs fail and death follows. Symptoms are decreased BP, decreased mentation, bruising and shallow respirations. |
