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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
BP=
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BP= CO x PR
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CO=
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CO = SV x HR
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CO range
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4-8 L/minute
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cardiac index rate
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2.5-4 L/minute
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pulse pressure (def and range)
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measures stroke volume; narrowing or decrease early indicator of shock
Range: 30-40 mm Hg |
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MAP def
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average pressure that blood needs to move through the vascular (end organ perfusion); kidneys need > 70
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MAP equation
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(S + 2(D))/3) normal= 60-100
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Compensatory Stage of Shock
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Supply equals demand
Sympathetic nervous system activated Renin-angiotensin system activated Glucocorticoids Pulmonary blood flow decreases |
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Compensatory Clinical Manifestations
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Anxiety, restlessness
Restless & anxious= might not be getting enough cerebral oxygen, bad attention span, rapid breaths, ABG: alkalotic (hyperventilation) compensatory- hypoventilating will lead to acidosis Tachypnea, respiratory ALKALOSIS Normal BP, tachycardia, diaphoresis Decrease urinary output Hypoactive bowel tones Increased serum glucose |
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Progressive Stage of Shock
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Demand > supply
Loss of autoregulation Ischemic organs Lactic acid production Early indicator of shock |
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Progressive Clinical Manifestations
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Decreased LOC
Glasgow coma scale Crackles/rales Fluid at base of lungs in alveoli Hypoventilation, respiratory ACIDOSIS Decreased BP Elevated BUN, creatinine GI bleeding Not enough blood supply to kidenys Jaundice, increased serum glucose |
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Irreversible Stage of Shock
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Decreased CO
Anaerobic metabolism Clotting abnormalities Inadequate cerebral blood flow |
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Irreversible Clinical Manifestations
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Coma
Decreased CI, cyanosis Skin cold Anuria (less than 50ml in 24 hr) DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation) |
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central venous pressure range
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Range: 2-8 mm Hg
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pulmonary arterial wedge pressure range
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Range: 8-12 mm Hg
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afterload range
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Range: 800-1200 dynes/second/cm 5
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crystalloid
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electrolyte solutions that move freely between the intravascular compartment and the interstitial spaces.
NS, LR= volume expander and cheaper! |
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colloid
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similar to plasma proteins. expand intravascular volume by exerting oncotic pressure- pulling fluid into intravascular space. longer action time than crystalloid. ex: albumin solution (heated) (expensive)
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Pathophysiology of Hypovolemic Shock
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1. decreased blood volume
2. decreased venous return 3. decreased stroke volume 4. decreased CO 5. decreased tissue perfusion |
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patho of cardiogenic shock
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1. decreased cardiac contractility
2. decreased SV and CO 3. pulm congestion, decreased tissue perfusion, decreased coronary artery perfusion |