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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
BP=
BP= CO x PR
CO=
CO = SV x HR
CO range
4-8 L/minute
cardiac index rate
2.5-4 L/minute
pulse pressure (def and range)
measures stroke volume; narrowing or decrease early indicator of shock
Range: 30-40 mm Hg
MAP def
average pressure that blood needs to move through the vascular (end organ perfusion); kidneys need > 70
MAP equation
(S + 2(D))/3) normal= 60-100
Compensatory Stage of Shock
Supply equals demand
Sympathetic nervous system activated
Renin-angiotensin system activated
Glucocorticoids
Pulmonary blood flow decreases
Compensatory Clinical Manifestations
Anxiety, restlessness
Restless & anxious= might not be getting enough cerebral oxygen, bad attention span, rapid breaths, ABG: alkalotic (hyperventilation) compensatory- hypoventilating will lead to acidosis

Tachypnea, respiratory ALKALOSIS
Normal BP, tachycardia, diaphoresis
Decrease urinary output
Hypoactive bowel tones
Increased serum glucose
Progressive Stage of Shock
Demand > supply
Loss of autoregulation
Ischemic organs
Lactic acid production
Early indicator of shock
Progressive Clinical Manifestations
Decreased LOC
Glasgow coma scale
Crackles/rales
Fluid at base of lungs in alveoli
Hypoventilation, respiratory ACIDOSIS
Decreased BP
Elevated BUN, creatinine
GI bleeding
Not enough blood supply to kidenys
Jaundice, increased serum glucose
Irreversible Stage of Shock
Decreased CO
Anaerobic metabolism
Clotting abnormalities
Inadequate cerebral blood flow
Irreversible Clinical Manifestations
Coma
Decreased CI, cyanosis
Skin cold
Anuria (less than 50ml in 24 hr)
DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)
central venous pressure range
Range: 2-8 mm Hg
pulmonary arterial wedge pressure range
Range: 8-12 mm Hg
afterload range
Range: 800-1200 dynes/second/cm 5
crystalloid
electrolyte solutions that move freely between the intravascular compartment and the interstitial spaces.

NS, LR= volume expander and cheaper!
colloid
similar to plasma proteins. expand intravascular volume by exerting oncotic pressure- pulling fluid into intravascular space. longer action time than crystalloid. ex: albumin solution (heated) (expensive)
Pathophysiology of Hypovolemic Shock
1. decreased blood volume
2. decreased venous return
3. decreased stroke volume
4. decreased CO
5. decreased tissue perfusion
patho of cardiogenic shock
1. decreased cardiac contractility
2. decreased SV and CO
3. pulm congestion, decreased tissue perfusion, decreased coronary artery perfusion