Shoah

Front 1

Antisemitism

Back 1

Refers to modern anti-Jewish activities. Sometimes written as ____-_______, which does not make sense as a literal phrase because there is no such thing as “______.”

Front 2

Aryan

Back 2

“_____” was a 19th-century linguistics term used to describe the Indo-European languages. The term was subsequently perverted to refer to the people who spoke those languages, which the Nazis deemed superior to those people who spoke Semitic languages. Thus, _____ came to describe people of "proven" non-Jewish and purely Teutonic (“racial") background.

Front 3

Auschwitz

Back 3

Concentration and extermination camp in upper Silesia, Poland, 37 miles west of Krakow. Established in 1940 as a concentration camp, it became an extermination camp in early 1942.

Front 4

Buchenwald

Back 4

One of the largest concentration camps on German soil. It was constructed in 1937 in Weimar, Germany. Originally a camp for political prisoners, 10,000 Jews were imprisoned there after Kristallnacht.

Front 5

Bergen-Belsen

Back 5

Nazi concentration camp in northwestern Germany. Erected in 1943. Thousands of Jews, political prisoners, and POWs were killed there. Liberated by British troops in April 1945, although many of the remaining prisoners died of typhus after liberation.

Front 6

Dachau

Back 6

Nazi concentration camp in southern Germany. Erected in 1933, this was the first Nazi concentration camp. Used mainly to incarcerate German political prisoners until late 1938, whereupon large numbers of Jews, Gypsies, Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals, and other supposed enemies of the state and anti-social elements were sent as well. Nazi doctors and scientists used many prisoners at ______ as guinea pigs for experiments. During the war, construction began on a gas chamber, but it never became operational. Dachau was liberated by American troops in April 1945.

Front 7

Eichmann, Adolf (1906-1962)

Back 7

SS Lieutenant-colonel and head of the “Jewish Section” of the Gestapo. He was instrumental in implementing the “Final Solution” by organizing the transportation of Jews to death camps from all over Europe. He was arrested at the end of World War II in the American zone, but escaped, went underground, and disappeared. On May 11, 1960, members of the Israeli Secret Service uncovered his whereabouts and smuggled him from Argentina to Israel. Eichmann was tried in Jerusalem (April-December 1961), convicted, and sentenced to death. He was executed on May 31, 1962, the only person ever executed by the State of Israel.

Front 8

Einsatzgruppen

Back 8

The four (A, B, C, D) mobile units of the Security Police and SS Security Service that followed the German armies into the Soviet Union in June 1941. Their charge was to kill all Jews, as well as Soviet commissars and "mental defectives." They were supported by units of the uniformed German Order Police and used local Ukrainian, Latvian, Lithuanian, and Estonian volunteers for the killings. The victims were shot and buried in mass graves. At least 1.3 million Jews were killed in this manner.

Front 9

Final Solution

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In Nazi terminology, the planned mass murder and total annihilation of the Jews.

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Genocide

Back 10

The partial or entire destruction of religious, racial or national groups.

Front 11

Ghetto

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The _____ was a section of a city where all Jews from the surrounding areas were forced to reside. Surrounded by barbed wire or walls, the _____ were often sealed so that people were prevented from leaving or entering. Established mostly in Eastern Europe (e.g., Lodz, Warsaw, Vilna, Riga, Minsk), the ______ were characterized by overcrowding, starvation and forced labor. All were eventually destroyed as the Jews were deported to death camps.

Front 12

Holocaust Revisionists

Back 12

Those who deny that the Holocaust ever happened.

Front 13

Kristallnacht
(Ger. “crystal night,” meaning "night of broken glass'').

Back 13

Organized destruction of synagogues, Jewish houses and shops, accompanied by arrests of individual Jews, which took place in Germany and Austria under the Nazis on the night of Nov. 9-10, 1938.

Front 14

Protocols of the Elders of Zion

Back 14

A major piece of antisemitic propaganda, compiled at the end of the 19th century by members of the Russian Secret Police. Essentially adapted from a nineteenth century French polemical satire directed against Emperor Napoleon III, substituting Jewish leaders, the Protocols maintained that Jews were plotting world dominion by setting Christian against Christian, corrupting Christian morals and attempting to destroy the economic and political viability of the West. It gained great popularity after World War I and was translated into many languages, encouraging antisemitism in France, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States. Long repudiated as an absurd and hateful lie, the book currently has been reprinted and is widely distributed by Neo-Nazis and others who are committed to the destruction of the State of Israel.

Front 15

Shoah

Back 15

Denotes the catastrophic destruction of European Jewry during World War II. The term is used in Israel, and the Knesset (the Israeli Parliament) has designated an official day, called Yom ha-_____, as a day of commemorating the _____ or Holocaust.

Front 16

Warsaw Ghetto

Back 16

Established in November 1940, the ghetto, surrounded by a wall, confined nearly 500,000 Jews. Almost 45,000 Jews died there in 1941 alone, due to overcrowding, forced labor, lack of sanitation, starvation, and disease. From April 19 to May 16, 1943, a revolt took place in the ghetto when the Germans, commanded by General Jürgen Stroop, attempted to raze the ghetto and deport the remaining inhabitants to Treblinka . The uprising, led by Mordecai Anielewicz, was the first instance in occupied Europe of an uprising by an urban population.