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38 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Science that deals with occurrences n nature embracing mechanics, heat, light, sound electricity and magnesium and the structures and properties of matter
Physics
Two or more substances combined
Mixture
Simple substance can not be decomposed into simpler substance by ordinary means
Element
Smallest subdivision or an element
Atom
Complex substances, Chemical union of 2 or more eleements in definite composition
Compound
Smallest subdivision physical properties of the compound
Molecule
What is actual or potential ability to do work
Energy
What are the two types of mechanical energy
Kinetic- Motion energy
Potential- Stored energy
What are the names of the other 5 types of energy
heat
chemical
electrical;
nuclear
electromagnetic
What are the laws of conservation
Energy can never be created or destroyed.
Total amount of energy in the universe is constant
Energy will flow from a higher to lower level in the absence of outside work
Atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic weight are called
Isotope
What is the difference between the element
A different number of neutrons
Addition or removal of an electron from an atom resulting in the formation of an ion pair is called
Ionization
When an x-ray photon enters the atom and knock it out of its orbit forming an ion pair is called
X-ray Bombardment
What type of ionization is called boiling off of electrons on the filament
Thermionic Emission
What are the two types of ionization that we are most concern with in radiology
X-ray Bombardment and Thermionic Emossopm
What are the other 4 types of ionization
electron Stream Bombardment
spontaneous breakdown of Radioactive material
Light Ray bombardment of certain materials
Chemical Ionization
When dealing with the electromagnetic spectrum. What does the velocity equal to.
The speed of light define wavelength and frequency
Wavelength is the distance between two successive point on a wave and frequency is the number of waves that pass in a particular time fram
What is Science
Organized and classified knowledge
List the 12 properties of X-rays
Highly penetrating invisible x-rays
Electrically neutral
Poluenergentic and heterogenous
Release very small amounts of heat
Travel in straight lines and at speed of light.
Can ionize matter
Cause flurorescence of certain crystals
Cannot be focused by a lens
Affect photgraphic film
Produce chemical and biological changes in matter through ionization and excitation
Produce secondary and scatter radiation.
What are the 3 types of magnets
natural
permanent
electromagnet
What are the laws of magnetism
Repulsion-Attraction - like poles repel and unlike poles attac
Inverse square law - Force of attraction between to magnetic poles varies directly as the strength of the poles and inversely as the square of the distance between them
Magnetic poles - Two poles have a North and South
What is Magnetic Induction
Non magnetized iron is brought near one pole of magnet, the end of the iron nearest the pole assumes the opposite polarity
What is permeablility and retentivity
something high permeable (easily attractive will lose it magnetism quickly. Something that is not easily permeable will retain its high retentivity
What is electromagnetism
Creating magnetism thru electricty
What is Electromagnetic Induction
Creating electricity thru magnetism
what is electrostatic
the study of distribution of fixed charges or electrons at rest
What are the laws of electrostatic
Like charges repel and unlike charges attract
electrical charges reside only on the external surface of the conductor
Concentration of charges are greater on the curved surface where the curvature is greatest
Only negative electrons move in a solid conductor
Inverse square law applies
What is electrification
Objects can be electrified (charged)
What are the 3 methods of electrification
1. Electrification by friction- Removal of electrons from one object by rubbing it with another of a different kind.
2. Electrification by contact- A charg object confer the same kind of charge on any uncharged body which it comes into contact
3. Electrification by Induction- The charged body confers the opposite kind of charge on the metallic body which is in its field
Electrons that are moving predominately in the same direction are often referred ta as electric current. What is this
Electrodynamics
What are the conditions under which charges flow
vacuum - Space that air has been removed
gases - Will promote a drift of electrons from a negative to a positive electrode
ionic solutions - Causes electrons to migrate to positive or negative poles during electrolysis
metallic conductors - Pathway provided for the movement of electrical current
What are semiconductors
The ability to conduct under certain conditions and insulate under others
What are the factors on an electrical current
1. Quantity or amount of electrons flowing
2. One amphere is one coulomb of electrical charge flowing per second
3. The number of electrons available on the filament (cathod) to produce x-ray photon
What is EMF
Electromotive Force- Is the total maximum difference of potential between the positive and negative ends of the electron force
What is resistance = Ohms
The amount of opposition to the current in the circuit is called the resistance
What are the factors affecting resistance
1. Types of conductors
2. Length of conductor
3. The cross-section of the conductor
4. The temperature of the comductor
What are series in a circuit
All the resistances are connected in a row, one after another