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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do all covalent molecules have? |
A specific shape |
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What is this shape determined by? |
The number and type of electron pairs in the valent shell of the central atom and the fact that electron pairs repel other electron pairs as much as possible. Also, lone pairs repel more than electron pairs. |
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What is this theory? |
The electron repulsion theory |
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What is the valent shell? |
The outer shell |
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What are the 2 types of electron pairs? |
Lone and bonded pairs |
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Which type of electron pair is more repulsive and how much do they decrease the angle? |
Lone pairs 2.5 degrees |
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What is the shape, angle between bonds and name of an atom with 2 bond pairs? |
It has a linear shape. The atom has two bonds on either side pointing outwards 180 degree angle |
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What is the shape, angle between bonds and name of an atom with 3 bond pairs?
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Trigonal planar Drawn as central atom with one bond up and 2 others going diagonally down 120 degree angles |
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What is the shape, angle between bonds and name of an atom with 4 bond pairs?
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Tetrahedral One up, one left, one down drawn with a wedge and one right drawn with a dotted line. 109.5 degree angles |
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What is the shape, angle between bonds and name of an atom with 6 bond pairs?
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Octahedral One up, one down, one up diagonally left and one up diagonally right drawn as wedges, one down diagonally left and one down diagonally right as dotted lines. 90 degree angles |
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What is the name of bonds pointing up/down? |
Axial bonds |
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What is the name of bonds pointing left or right? |
Equitorial |
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Which elements can have an incomplete outer shell? |
Aluminium, beryllium and boron |
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What happens if there's a double bonding pair? |
It is treated as one bonding region and behaves in the same way as one bonding pair |
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Why do lone pairs repel more? |
They are slightly more electron-dense |
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What is the order of electron pair repulsion? (highest to lowest) |
Double lone pair Lone pair Double bond pair |
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What do lone pairs do to bonding pairs? |
Each lone peir pushes bonding pairs closer together, decreasing the angle between them by 2.5 degrees. |
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What is the shape, angle between bonds, repulsion and name of an atom with 3 bond pairs and 1 lone pair? |
Pyramidal shape Lone pair repels more than bond pairs 107 degrees 1 pair of dots on top, one line diagonally down, one wedge down, one dotted line down |
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What is the shape, angle between bonds, repulsion and name of an atom with 2 bond pairs and 1 lone pair? |
Non linear Lone pair repels more 117.5 degrees 1 pair of dots on top, two sets of double lines going diagonally down |
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What is the shape, angle between bonds, repulsion and name of an atom with 2 bond pairs and 2 lone pair? |
Non linear Lone pairs repel more 104.5 degrees 2 pairs of dots diagonally up, 2 diagonally down |
