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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anatomy
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the study of the structure of an organism
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physiology
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study of function
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electrophysiological techniques
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measure the electrical activity of single cells or groups of cells including muscle and nervous system tissues
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teratongenic agent
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anything that causes teratongenesis (the development of a severely malformed fetus)
-effect must occur during prenatal development |
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neurology
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the study of the nervous system
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thorax
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the chest region; the part of the body between the diaphragm and the seventh cervical vertebra
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abdomen
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the belly; region represented externally as the anterior abdominal wall
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upper extremity
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consists of the arm, the forearm, wrist and hand
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lower extremity
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made of the thigh, leg, ankle and foot
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prone
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on the belly
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supine
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on the back
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flexion
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refers to bending at a join, usually toward the ventral surface
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extension
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opposite of flexion; the act of pulling two ends further apart
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hyperextension
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arching your back at the end of your sit up; extreme extension
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tissue
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there are four types that distinguish different cells; what our body is composed of
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epithelial tissue
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the superficial (outer) layer of mucous membranes and the cells constituting the skin; shortage of intercellular material
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connective tissue
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the most complex being specialized for the purpose of support and protection; composed predominantly of intercellular material (matrix)
may be solid, liquid or gel-like |
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cartilage
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important tissue because of it's unique properties of strength and elasticity
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blood
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connective tissue with the fluid component being plasma. these cells arise from within the marrow of bone.
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bone
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hardest of connective tissue; classified as being compact or spongy
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striated muscle
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striped appearance on microscopic examination, aka skeletal muscle because it moves skeletal structures, also aka voluntary muscle because it moves in response to conscious
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smooth muscle
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includes muscular tissue of the digestive tract and blood vessels; generally sheetlike with spindle-shaped cells
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neuron
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nerve cells that take on a variety of forms
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organ
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aggregates of tissue of the body with functional unity
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fascia
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surrounds organs being a sheetlike membrane that may be either dense or filmy, thin or thick
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visceral ligaments
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bind organs together or hold structures in place
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skeletal ligaments
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must withstand great pressure as they typically bind bone to bone
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tendons
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provide a means of attaching muscle to bone or cartilage; great tensile strength but reduced compressive strength
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aponeurosis
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sheetlike tendon that greatly resembles fascia but much more dense
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articulation
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joining between bones comprised of cartilage; point of union between two structures
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joints
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union of bones with other bones, or cartilage with other cartilage; classified based on the degree of movement they permit
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craniosynostosis
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as an infant develops, the sutures of the skull become ossified; the child's head may become peaked along the suture and elongated in the back
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origin
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point of attachment with the least movement
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insertion
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point of attachment of relative mobility
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agonists
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muscles that oppose movement
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synergists
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muscles that stabilize structures
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antagonists
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muscles that oppose movement
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innervated
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muscles stimulated by means of a single nerve; can be sensory or excitatory
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afferent
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sensory
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efferent
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excitatory
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motor unit
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consists of one efferent nerve fiber and the muscle fibers to which it attaches
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body system
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groups of organs with functional unity ex. respiratory system, muscular system, skeletal system
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