Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
221 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are piglets so susceptible to enteric disease?
|
Piglets do not make HCl in the first few hours of life
|
|
|
What is the purpose of not secreting HCl?
|
Allows colostral antibodies and immune cells to enter the intestines for absorption
normal bacterial flora enter as well as pathogens |
|
|
What are the virulence factors of E coli?
|
-fimbria (pilli)
-enterotoxins -capsules (endotoxin) |
|
|
In the post-weaning pig, which E coli pilus types are most common?
|
K88, F18
|
|
|
Which 2 E coli enterotoxins cause enteritis and which one doesn't?
|
enterotoxins: labile toxin (LT), Stable toxin (STa, STb)
Verotoxin (shiga-like) does not cause enteritis |
|
|
labile toxin affects which process
|
cAMP- acts on membrane ion transport
|
|
|
What effect does labile toxin have on the intestinal lumen?
|
Active secretion of Cl into the lumen followed passively by Na and water
|
|
|
The Stablea enterotoxin affects which process?
|
cGMP - same effect, more rapid onset
|
|
|
What effect does verotoxin have?
|
Edema dz
|
|
|
What conditions can cause deficient enteric defenses?
|
-low gastric pH until say 3-4
-gut flora changes (weaning-stress) -non-specific colostral protection -low immune status of sow or poor colostrum intake from pigs -concurrent infections (rotavirus) -poor environment |
|
|
Where does E coli attach?
|
Via pili to receptors on enterocytes or mucus layer
|
|
|
What pathological effects does E coli have on the intestine?
|
-dehydration
-dilated, flaccid small intestine, mild or no villus atrophy, blood is rare |
|
|
How is E coli diagnosed?
|
Culture or pathogenic serotype
|
|
|
How do you Tx E coli?
|
Symptomatically w/ Abx (Baytril)
Zinc oxide in diet |
|
|
What effects does the E coli verotoxin have?
|
Causes arterial degeneration and increased vascular permeability resulting in edema in various locations and focal malacia in the brainstem
|
|
|
What are the clinical signs of verotoxin infection?
|
Edema of eyelid, nose, ears (death and/or neuro signs within 10 days)
|
|
|
What other pathognomonic sign is seen with verotoxin infection?
|
Edema of the greater curve of the stomach
|
|
|
When would you suspect infection of piglets by C perfringens type A?
|
-less than 3 days of age
-relatively midly diarrhea -responds well to abx |
|
|
On necropsy what rare sign of C perfringens might be seen?
|
fibrinonecrotic debris over intestinal mucus, but not hemorrhage
|
|
|
What organism should you suspect when there is diarrhea in piglets less than 7 days old with high mobidity and mortality?
|
C. difficile
|
|
|
Grossly, what lesions can be seen on necropsy of C difficile?
|
-gross lesions of mesocolonic edema
-occasional hydrothorax -and/or ascites |
|
|
How is a dx of C difficile confirmed?
|
Culture
treat with abx, improve hygiene |
|
|
Rotavirus causes diarrhea in piglets primarily of what age?
|
10-21 days
|
|
|
What effect on the intestine does Rotavirus have?
|
Infects mature enterocytes resulting in mild-moderate villus atrophy
|
|
|
What usually causes clinically significant diarrhea with rotavirus?
|
Bacterial superinfection of virus-damaged mucosa
|
|
|
What is the necropsy appearance of rotavirus infected small intestine?
|
flaccid, thin-walled, fluid-filled
-mild villus blunting |
|
|
How do you treat rotavirus?
|
Abx for bacterial infection
-assess heygiene -improve immune status of sows pre-farrowing |
|
|
TGE is caused by what organism?
|
Corona virus
|
|
|
What is the pathogenesis of TGE?
|
Attacks mature enterocytes, severe villus atrophy, results in hypoglycemia and osmotic diarrhea
|
|
|
TGE is spread from pig to pig. Explosive diarrhea is seen in which age animal?
|
All ages
|
|
|
Pigs infected with TGE that are 0-7 days old will have a mortality rate of how high?
|
100%
|
|
|
What is the appearance of TGE infected small intestine?
|
Flaccid, thin-walled, fluid filled, villus atrophy
|
|
|
How is TGE diagnosed?
|
-epizootiololgy and clinical signs confirmed by serology
|
|
|
What is the main DDX for TGE?
|
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (another Corona)
|
|
|
What is the tx/control plan for TGE?
|
have all breeding pigs infected by use of feedback to become immune
|
|
|
Which coccidial organism causes diarrhea in suckling pigs 10-14 days old?
|
Isospora suis
|
|
|
What is the route of transmission of Isospora suis?
|
Oral
|
|
|
Gross lesions of Isospora infection are limited to what regions?
|
Jejunum and ileum- turgid, thickened with necrotic lining
|
|
|
How is a dx of isospora confirmed?
|
-age of pig
-clin signs -non-response to abx -demo of organism on impression smear |
|
|
How do you treat Isospora?
|
Toltrazuril (not in US)
|
|
|
What is the causal organism of porcine Vomiting and Wasting disease?
|
Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus (HEV)
|
|
|
What are the early clinical signs of VWDz?
|
-vomiting
-depression -anorexia -constipation |
|
|
What neuro signs develop with VWDz?
|
-stilted gait
-muscle tremors -nystagmus -blindness -convulsions -paresis |
|
|
How is VWDz treated?
|
No treatment, herd will develop immunity and clinical signs will disappear
|
|
|
What organism is the cause of Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy?
|
Lawsonia intracellularis
|
|
|
What is the route of transmission of Lawsonia?
|
Fecal-oral
|
|
|
Where does lawsonia invade?
|
Intestinal crypt cells...causes cellular hyperplasia w/failure to mature, apoptosis and crypts filling with PMNs
|
|
|
What effects can PPE have on the villus?
|
-apical capillaries may dilate & rupture
-may regress and become necrotic -necorsis continues and become benign adenomatosis |
|
|
What age of pigs does PPE usually affect?
|
growers and finishers
|
|
|
Lesions of PPE occur on where in the intestines?
|
Ileum and proximal small colon (small intestine is thickened and reticulated
|
|
|
What pattern does the serosal surface show in a PPE infection?
|
Cerebriform
|
|
|
How is PPE diagnosed?
|
-clinical signs
-diagnosis of organism on histo, PCR, serology |
|
|
How is Lawsonia treated?
|
Chlortetracycline
|
|
|
What organism is the cause of swine dysentary?
|
Brachyspira hypdysenteriae
|
|
|
How are pigs infected with Brachyspira?
|
oral infection with organism protected from gastric pH by mucus
|
|
|
Where does brachyspira invade?
|
Colonic crypt cells and then goblet and epithelial cells
|
|
|
What is the cause of the inflammatory response seen?
|
-Associated with tissue loss, mast cell degranulation and failure to reabsorb Na and Cl causing muco-hemorrhagic diarrhea
|
|
|
Death from swine dysentary is due to what?
|
Dehydration or ion imbalance
|
|
|
How is swine dysentary diagnosed?
|
-clin signs
-pathology -confirmed by FAT or isolation/typing of B. hyodysenteriae |
|
|
How do you treat dysentary?
|
Treat drinking water (Timulin, Lincomycin, Tylocin)
|
|
|
Salmonella enterica causes what dz in pigs?
|
manifests as septicemia, acute enteritis, chronic enteritis and wasting
|
|
|
Which Salmonella serovar is mostr common in USA? Europe?
|
USA: S. cholorosuis
Europe: S typhimurium |
|
|
How is Salmonella transmitted?
|
ingestion and respiratory
(can be triggered by stress) |
|
|
Salmonella septicemia is carried my macrophages and settles where?
|
lung
liver joints |
|
|
What clinical signs are seen with S cholerasuis?
|
-sudden death
-cyanosis -eventual diarrhea |
|
|
How is S cholerasuis treated?
|
Abs in feed, live vaccine
|
|
|
What pathologic signs are seen with S typhimurium infection?
|
Inflammed ileum and colon, possible ulcerated...colon may have button ulcers
|
|
|
What clinical sign of S typhumurium is seen in growing pigs
|
Diarrhea due to pathogen attaching to, entering or destroying enterocytes
|
|
|
Gastric ulceration of the pars esophagia is associated with what feed condition?
|
finely ground feed on an empty stomach
|
|
|
What can cause GI torsion in swine?
|
Irregular feeding and fighting
|
|
|
What can cause swine rectal prolapse?
|
-piling
-zearalenone -cough -dairrhea -water restriction |
|
|
What is the length of the swine estrous cycle?
|
21 days
|
|
|
What are the 3 phases of the swine estrous cycle?
|
-diestrus (luteal phase)
-proestrus (follicular phase) -estrus (sexual receptivity) |
|
|
When does ovulation occur in swine?
|
40 hours after start of LH surge
|
|
|
The corpora lutea produce progesterone, where is PGF2a produced?
|
By the uterus at day 12-14
|
|
|
What are the external signs of estrus?
|
-swelling and reddening of vulva
-pricking of ears -interest in boar -standing reflex w/ back pressure -allows mounting by other females -vocalization |
|
|
How can estrus be controlled?
|
-by controlling exposure to the boar
-exogenous hormones |
|
|
What drug is used to synchronize estrus?
|
Progestagens
|
|
|
What is the purpose of boar contact?
|
To stimulate early puberty
|
|
|
What are the rules of boar contact?
|
-gilt must be old enough >170 d
-boar must be old enough >10 mths -physical contact > 15 min day -move gilts to the boar |
|
|
Estrus can be stimulated with the use of what drugs?
|
Gonadotrophins- used for non-cycling gilts and weaned sows (eCG/hCG combo- PG600)
|
|
|
What are the 4 methods by which pigs can be mated?
|
-pasture breeding
-pen mating -hand mating -AI |
|
|
In AI why is deeper sperm placement an advantage?
|
Less sperm is needed
|
|
|
Movement of the sperm to the UTJ requires what?
|
Uterine contractions
|
|
|
Uterine contractions are induced by what chemicals?
|
-PGF2a
-oxytocin |
|
|
Like many species, does a boar have PGF in the ejaculate?
|
No, a boar has estrogen which induces PGF release
|
|
|
For best results from AI, when should fertilization take place?
|
0-24 hrs before ovulation
|
|
|
What are the maternal signals for recognition of pregnancy?
|
-blastocycts produce estrogen
-minimum of 4 embryos (2 per horn @ day 12) |
|
|
Parturition can be induced with what drug?
|
Exongenous PGF
|
|
|
Why is farrowing induced?
|
-permits supervision of delivery
-more efficient use of labor and facilities |
|
|
What is the timing to induce farrowing?
|
-determine actual mean gestation length for the farm
-never induce > 2 days before due date |
|
|
True or False, longer gestation times are associated with higher incidence of still births
|
True
|
|
|
Once farrowing begins, how often are the pigs delivered?
|
Every 15-20 mins
|
|
|
If there is > 30 mins since the last pig, what should you do?
|
investigate
-insert hand into vagian if no pig in 15 min.... -perform obstetric exam to confirm no pig blockage -inject oxytocin and re-exam in 15 mins |
|
|
How is pregancy in the sow dx?
|
-rectal palpation
-fremitus in uterine artery 35+ days after mating -U/S (30 days after mating) |
|
|
Real time U/S can help identify what pathologies of pregnancy?
|
-ovarian cysts
-pyometra -pseudopregnancy |
|
|
What factors can give the best results on litter size?
|
-breed > 210 days of age
-breed on 2nd estrus -full feed until mated |
|
|
Uterine involution takes how long?
|
21 days
|
|
|
True or false, weaning early reduces involution time.
|
False: weaning early increases involution time
|
|
|
After weaning a longer return to estrus may be due to what?
|
(normal is 3-5 days after weaning)
-lack of boar contact -early weaning -season -excessive weight loss during lactation |
|
|
Why is lysine important in the sows diet?
|
If lysine is inadequate, sows mobilize their lean tissue
If sows mobilize >12% of their lean tissue, infertility becomes likely |
|
|
A regular return to estrus after mating should occur in 18-24 days and is a result of what?
|
Conception failure
|
|
|
An irregular return to estrus (25-37) is a result of what condition?
|
Pregnancy loss
|
|
|
What is the desired ratio of regular to irregular returns to estrus for a herd?
|
3:1
|
|
|
What are the potential causes in the data for a low farrowing rate?
|
-too many young females?
-too many single or third day breedings -too many sows returning between days 6-12 after weaning? |
|
|
What effect can porcine parvovirus have on pregnancy?
|
-can produce mummies of various sizes or small litters
|
|
|
What are the possible effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus?
|
-increased returns to estrus
-abortion at any stage or gestation -premature farrowing -increased stillbirths and neonatal deaths |
|
|
What are the major serovars of Lepto that can affect pigs?
|
-pomona
-bratislava |
|
|
What effects can Lepto have on pregnancy?
|
-increased returns to estrus
-late term abortion -birth of weak/icteric piglets |
|
|
How is Lepto controlled?
|
-hygiene and environment
-vaccinate |
|
|
What is Aujeszky's Dz?
|
Pseudorabies
causes abortion and increased mummies |
|
|
In the boar, cystitis/pyelonephritis is caused by what organism? And is found where?
|
Actinobaculum suis found in prepuce of boars
|
|
|
What is the primary risk for inducing respiratory dz in pigs?
|
Introduction of new animals or semen
|
|
|
What environmental factors contribute to risk for respiratory dz?
|
- low temp, high and low humidity
-crowding -co-mingling of pigs of different ages (should use all in all out) |
|
|
Mycoplasma pneumonia is caused by what organism?
|
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
|
|
|
How is M. hyopenumoniae transmitted to piglets?
|
By carrier sows
|
|
|
What are the clinical signs of mycoplasmal pneumonia?
|
-chronic/dry barking cough non productive
-fever is unusual -slow.progressive size variation -dyspnea is 2ndary infection |
|
|
What effect does mycoplasmal pneumonia have on the respiratory system?
|
Paralysis and loss of tracheal and bronchial cillia
loss of mucociliary clearance mechanism |
|
|
In which portion of the lungs would lesion be seen from mycoplasmal pneumonia?
|
Anterio-ventral (gravity dependent)
firm tan-plum colored areas |
|
|
What tests are used to Dx mycoplasmal pneumonia?
|
-culture is difficult (3-30 days)
-histopath -FA, PCR of lung section -serology :CF and ELISA |
|
|
What are the txs for mycoplasmal pneumonia?
|
-lincomycin, tylosin, draxxin
injectable or in feed |
|
|
What is the most important way to control mycoplasmal pneumonia?
|
age segregated, all in all out management
|
|
|
What is the benefit of a mycoplasmal pneumonia vaccine?
|
Improvement in lung and clinical signs
|
|
|
Which are the most common serovars of actinobacillus pleuoropneumoniae in the US?
|
1, 5, 7
|
|
|
What are the clinical signs of APP in grower pigs?
|
-fever
-severe dyspnea -cyanosis of extremities -sudden death (subacute form: anorexia, dyspnea, coughing) |
|
|
APP causes what type of lesions in the lungs?
|
Necro-hemorrhagic lesions in the dorso caudal lobes
|
|
|
How is APP transmitted?
|
Direct contact and aerosol
bacteria colonize the tonsils and enter lungs |
|
|
What is the cause of the lung lesions?
|
Result of toxin production
-lungs congested and edematous (3-13 hrs) -fibrinous exudate on pleural surface (12-24 hrs) -hemorrhagic/necrotic lesions (48 hrs) |
|
|
APP is defined as what type of dz?
|
Acute, fatal respiratory dz with fibrous pleurisy and firm lung infarcts- confirmed by serology and culture
|
|
|
What is the tx for APP?
|
-ceftiofur
-PCN -tretracycline -in feed: tilmicosin |
|
|
How is actinobacillus suis transmitted?
|
Direct contact and aerosol
Bacteria colonizes tonsils and becomes systemic |
|
|
What is the pathogenesis of A suis in the lungs?
|
Septic emboli adhere or are trapped in vessel walls, form micro-colonies surrounded by areas of toxin induced hemorrhage and necrosis
|
|
|
What clinical signs are seen ?
|
2d-4wk old piglets: sudden death
weaners and older: persistant cough, signs of pneumonia, red blotches on skin |
|
|
What pathology results are seen with A suis?
|
hemorrhagic-necrotizing penumonia that is usually more randomly distributed than APP
|
|
|
What is required to dx A suis?
|
Culture
|
|
|
What is the tx for A suis?
|
-PCN
-tetracyclines |
|
|
What are the causative organisms of atrophic rhinitis?
|
-bordetella bronchiseptica
-pasteurella multocida |
|
|
bordetella bronchiseptica is a primary but weak pathogen and infects pigs of what age?
|
< 6 weeks
(source is infected sow) |
|
|
What is required for Pasteurella multocida to colonize?
|
An initial insult (inflammation)
|
|
|
What is the pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis?
|
P multocida produces a potent dermonecrotoxin-->destruction of osteoblasts and up-regulates osteoclats resulting in destruction of nasal turbinnates
|
|
|
What is the source of the infection?
|
Infected sow
-spread in the nursery |
|
|
What are the clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis?
|
-sneezing in young pigs
-conjunctivitis -serous nasal discharge -purulent nasal dischagre -epistaxis -shortening of snout, bilateral -bending of snout |
|
|
How is atrophic rhinitis dx?
|
-clinical signs
-nasal swab (Calgiswab) -PCR for organism |
|
|
How is the severity of atrophic rhinitis evaluated?
|
At slaughter
-section snout at 2nd upper premolar -measure space, symmetry, septal deviation -consider season |
|
|
How can atrophic rhinitis be controlled?
|
-vacc
-medication of litters -all in all out pig flow |
|
|
What vaccine can be given for atrophic rhinitis?
|
-toxoid for sows and piglets
LA 200 (used w/ vacc) |
|
|
What is the pathogensis of B bronchiseptica?
|
Colonization and destruction of the cilia in nasal cavity, may colonize the lungs causing bronchopneumonia
|
|
|
What are the clinical signs of bordetellosis?
|
-sneezing
-mucropurulent discharge, progressing to cough -mild reversible turbinate atrophy |
|
|
How is bordetellosis confirmed?
|
Culture of nasal swab
|
|
|
How is bordetellosis treated?
|
-parenteral and oral admin of TMP sulfa, tetracycline
-vaccinate prefarrowing sows and pigs |
|
|
Which serovar of salmonella is specific to pigs?
|
Salmonella choleraesuis
|
|
|
Where does the Salmonella choleraesuis organism live?
|
In macrophages, protected from the immune system
|
|
|
What are the clinical signs of Salmonella choleraesuis infection?
|
-any age, mostly 3-4 mo old pigs
-fever, shallow moist cough, huddling, rough hair coat, cyanosis of extremities, sudden death |
|
|
What lesions does Salmonella choleraesuis produce in the lungs?
|
Interlobular edema and hemorrhage
also splenomegaly, hepatomegaly |
|
|
How do you tx Salmonella choleraesuis?
|
-parenteral abx
-then water tx (pcn, tetra) control: all in all out flow, feed meds, vacc |
|
|
What type of virus causes swim influenza?
|
Orthomyxovirus, RNA
|
|
|
What is the primary method of transmission of swine influenza?
|
pig to pig
also humans and waterfowl (virus is shed for 30 days) |
|
|
What are the clinical signs of swine influenza?
|
-fall-winter, all pigs
-extreme prostration -open mouth labored respiration -sneezing -barking cough -red eyes -conjunctival discharge rarely fatal -sows may abort |
|
|
What is the pathogenesis of swine influenza?
|
-virsu replicates in bronchial epithelium, most cells infected within 24 hrs, as are alveolar septae and ducts
-small bronchi blocked by neutrophil rich exudate, alveolar necrosis/broncail epithelail hyperplasia -widespread interstitail pneumonis |
|
|
How do you dx classic swine influenza?
|
Clinical signs
|
|
|
How do you dx the enzootic form?
|
-virus isolation
-histopath -paired serology -antigen detecttion IHC |
|
|
What is the tx for swine influenza?
|
-clean, dry, draft free enivro
-minimize stress -abx for 2ndary infection ControL -strain specific vacc -ventilation to reduce re-circulation |
|
|
What is the pathogen that causes Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome?
|
RNA, arterivirus
|
|
|
What is the primary affect of PRRS?
|
Lysis of alveolar macrophages with loss of phagocytic and antigen presenting capability
|
|
|
What is the tx for swine influenza?
|
-clean, dry, draft free enivro
-minimize stress -abx for 2ndary infection ControL -strain specific vacc -ventilation to reduce re-circulation |
|
|
What is the primary method of transmission of swine influenza?
|
pig to pig
also humans and waterfowl (virus is shed for 30 days) |
|
|
How is PRRS transmitted?
|
pig to pig
and aerosol across region re-cycling within a farm |
|
|
What are the clinical signs of swine influenza?
|
-fall-winter, all pigs
-extreme prostration -open mouth labored respiration -sneezing -barking cough -red eyes -conjunctival discharge rarely fatal -sows may abort |
|
|
What are the clinical signs of PRRS?
|
-tachypnea
-thumping respiration -eyelid edema, conjunctivitis |
|
|
What is the pathogenesis of swine influenza?
|
-virsu replicates in bronchial epithelium, most cells infected within 24 hrs, as are alveolar septae and ducts
-small bronchi blocked by neutrophil rich exudate, alveolar necrosis/broncail epithelail hyperplasia -widespread interstitail pneumonis |
|
|
What is the pathogen that causes Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome?
|
RNA, arterivirus
|
|
|
How do you dx classic swine influenza?
|
Clinical signs
|
|
|
What is the primary affect of PRRS?
|
Lysis of alveolar macrophages with loss of phagocytic and antigen presenting capability
|
|
|
How is PRRS transmitted?
|
pig to pig
and aerosol across region re-cycling within a farm |
|
|
How do you dx the enzootic form?
|
-virus isolation
-histopath -paired serology -antigen detecttion IHC |
|
|
What are the clinical signs of PRRS?
|
-tachypnea
-thumping respiration -eyelid edema, conjunctivitis |
|
|
How is PRRS dx?
|
-isolation of virus
-histopath -targeted serology |
|
|
Why does PRRS affect weaners?
|
Maternal immunity persists for 6-8 weeks
|
|
|
In a herd with stable sows, not actively shedding the PRRS virus and piglets get infected in the nursery, what should you do?
|
Depopulate nursery, leave empty for 2 weeks
|
|
|
In a sow herd that is not stable withthe PRRS virus due to frequent susceptible additions, shedding virus to the piglets, what should you do?
|
Close sow herd to new additions for 6 months
|
|
|
How do you control PRRS?
|
-limit cross fostering (none after 24 hrs)
-do not move pigs between rooms -multi site production -remove very sick pigs from system |
|
|
Are sow vaccines available for PRRS?
|
yes
killed vacc not effective MLV -possible reversion to virulence |
|
|
If all control methods of PRRS have failed what can be tried?
|
Serum therapy- injection of serum from viremic pigs
|
|
|
What are the clinical signs seen in Procine Circovirus 2 (PCVAD)?
|
-in weaned pigs: icterus, dyspnea, wasting
|
|
|
What is the pathology caused by PCVAD?
|
-moderate to severe interstitial pneumonia
-enlarged lymph nodes -other suggestive lesions |
|
|
How is PCVAD dx?
|
-clinical signs
-serology -demonstration of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in lymphoid tissue |
|
|
How do you Tx and control PCVAD?
|
-ensure all piglets receive colostrum
-minimize stress -no mixing of pigs rule -vacc |
|
|
What is the agent that causes inclusion body rhinitis in pigs?
|
Porcine cytomegalovirus
|
|
|
What are the clinical signs of inclusion body rhinitis?
|
-sneezing in pigs < 3 weeks of age
-nasal discharge and epiphora -chronic may lead to otitis media |
|
|
How do you dx inclusion body rhinitis?
|
-turbinates plugged with mucus/debris
-basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in nasal mucosa |
|
|
Which pigs are susceptible to roundworms?
|
naive pigs with new access to soil
|
|
|
What affect does the roundworm larval migration have?
|
Damages liver and lungs
-pethechial hemorrhage in lung -milk spots in liver |
|
|
Strep suis causes what types of neurological dzs?
|
-septicemia
-meningitis -polyarthritis -serositis -sudden death |
|
|
How do you tx Strep suis?
|
(usually in young pigs)
-PCN, ceftiofur -vaccine somewhat effective |
|
|
Haemophilus parasuis is also known as what?
|
Glasser's dz
|
|
|
H, parasuis is similar to Strep suis and causes what conditions?
|
-polyarthritis
-polyserositis -meningitis |
|
|
Pseudorabies (Aujeszkys' dz) is a herpes virus that can become latent and hides where?
|
Ganglia
|
|
|
What are the clinical signs of pseudorabies?
|
nursing pigs: pyrexia, depression, tremors, incoordination vomiting, foaming at mouth, blindness paddling, 100% morbidity/mortality
weaned pigs: same signs lower mortality grow/finish: mostly respiratory breeding: abortions, mummies |
|
|
pseudorabies can cause lesions in which organs?
|
Focal necrosis in liver, spleen
|
|
|
What is the cause of salt poisoning?
|
Water deprivation increase serum Na and crosses BBB, when re-hydrated serume Na drops but brain is much slower, drags water in causing cerebral edema
|
|
|
What are the clinical signs/findings of Erysipelas?
|
-arthritis, valvular vegetative endocarditis
-diamond skin lesions -sudden death -abortions |
|
|
How do you tx Erysipelas?
|
PCN
|
|
|
What is the causative agent of greasy pig disease?
|
Staph hyicus
|
|
|
How does S hyicus gain entry into the skin?
|
abrasions from fighting or mites
|
|
|
How do you tx/control S hyicus?
|
-tx with PCN
-cut needle teeth |
|
|
Mange of the pig is caused by which mite?
|
Sarcoptes scabei
|
|
|
What are the agents that cause ringworm in pigs?
|
-Microsporum nanum
-Trhichiphyton mentagrophtes |
|
|
Swine pox, in growing pigs, is associated with what insects?
|
Biting insects.... lice
|
|
|
What type of organism causes Eperythroszoonosis?
|
red cell organism
|
|
|
What are the clinical signs of Epe infection?
|
-anemia and jaundice in piglets
|
|
|
The lack of which nutrients can cause dz in pigs?
|
-iron
-selenium/Vit E |
|
|
What type of agent is Zearalenone?
|
Mycotoxin from Fusarium
|
|
|
What type of effects does Zearalenone have?
|
Estrogenic effect (repro)
-swollen vulva and rectum |
|
|
Classical Swine fever (hog cholera) is caused by what organism?
|
Enveloped RNA virus of Flaviviridae
|
|
|
What is the source of the virus?
|
-blood
-secretions -excretions |
|
|
How is the hog cholera virus transmitted?
|
-ingestion
-insemination -contact w/ conjunctiva, mm or skin abrasions on infected pigs |
|
|
What are the clinical signs of swine fever?
|
-fever
-conjunctivitis -neuro signs -respiratory distress -abortion -diarrhes |
|
|
What types of lesions does swine fever cause?
|
-peripheral hemorrhage of lymph nodes
-necrotic foci in tonsils -petechial hemorrhages in renal cortex -splenic infarcts |
|
|
What 2 swine dzs are indistinguishable from each other?
|
Swine vesicular dz
Foot & mouth dz |
|
|
Porcine Stress Syndrome results in what deficit?
|
Calcium transport deficit (hyperthermia, acidosis)
associated with extreme muscling |
|
|
What is the causative agent of porcine tuberculosis?
|
M. avium
|
