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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the functions of the tubules?
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-reabsorption
-secretion -concentration |
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What happens in the proximal convuluted tubule?
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Mass reabsortion
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What is osmosis?
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Diffusion of molecules from a place of higher cocentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal
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What is the name for the net forces of filtration?
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Starling's forces
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What effect does hypovolemia have on filtration?
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hypovolemia decreases hyrdrostatic pressure decreases filtration
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What happens to GFR when the efferent arteriole constricts?
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GFR increases
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What is the effect of Enalapril?
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Dilates the efferent arteriole
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Which hormones affect the collecting ducts?
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ADH
Aldosterone |
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How do you define renal insufficiency?
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-imparied function without azotemia
-suggests tubular dysfunction -polyuric -66% loss of neprhons |
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How is renal failure defined?
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-decreased GFR
-azotemic -75% loss of nephrons -will progress to uremia |
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What should be included in a PE for a renal workup?
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-PE
-careful palpation of abd -rectal exam -systemic blood pressure -serum chem to inclu: BUN, Cr (est of GFR), phos, e'lytes |
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urine diagnostics include what components?
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-UA: dipstick, sediment cyto, USG
-culture -clearance evaluation -osmolality eval -microalubinuria screeing -urine protein:creatinine ratio |
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What is the purpose of a urine protein:creatinine ratio?
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Quantification of protein loss
-accurate reflection of 24 hr testing -must have UA first (hemturia/pyuria) -diagnostic and monitoring tool |
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A clearance evaluation calculates the clearance of what from the kidney?
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endogenous creatinine
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What advanced dx can be performed to dx renal dz?
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-imaging
-bx -ADH response -water deprivation test (with caution!) |
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What can radiographs of the abdomen show about the kidneys?
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--number, size, shape
-urolithiasis -masses -bladder 0air/pyometra/prostate/lympadenopathy |
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What can U/S show?
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-architecture
-pyelonephritis -cysts/abscess -perirenal fluid -doppler |
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What is the value in excretory urography?
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-filling defects
-renal pelvic dilatation -hydronephrosis -hydroureter -ureteral obstruction -ectopic ureters -extravasation of contrast |
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What iothe advanced diagnostic techniques can be used?
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-endoscopy
-bladder and urethral function testing |
