Sfos Test Ii 29 Cardiovascular Exercise

Front 1

Which type of exercise (dynamic/static)? Muscles don't shorten except for internal shortening of the more elastic elements and there is no net work performed.

Back 1

Static (isometric) exercise

Front 2

Which type of exercise (dynamic/static)? Movement results from active shortening of skeletal muscles.

Back 2

Dynamic exercise

Front 3

Which arm of the autonomic nervous system is dominant at rest and during exercise?

Back 3

The parasympathetic is dominant at rest and the sympathetic is dominant during exercise

Front 4

Why does arterial oxygen content increase during exercise?

Back 4

Spleen releases some extra RBCs.

Front 5

Describe the redistribution of cardiac output during exercise?

Back 5

It goes to the place where the peripheral resistance is reduced

Front 6

What happens to venous oxygenation?

Back 6

It decreases because the muscles are pulling more oxygen out of the veins (due to blood flow redistribution)

Front 7

What is the assumption for autoregulation?

Back 7

Demand for oxygen DOES NOT change

Front 8

How does a need for greater blood affect skeletal vascular beds?

Back 8

Recruitment of capillaries

Front 9

What is the effect of cutaneous blood flow by exercise?

Back 9

Vasodilation caused by withdrawal of sympathetic vasoconstriction

Front 10

What is the effect of exercise on myocardial blood flow?

Back 10

It increases

Front 11

What happens to mean arterial pressure during exercise?

Back 11

It increases

Front 12

What is the most important factor of limiting vo2 max?

Back 12

Pumping HR

Front 13

What effect would anemia have on exercise capacity?

Back 13

CO will increase sooner, and the Arterial vO2 max will decrease, and HR will increase sooner.

Front 14

During exercise how does left ventricular stroke volume change?

Back 14

It increases about 10-35% (ESV decreases and EDV increases)

Front 15

How does arterial pressure change during exercise?

Back 15

It increases slightly for endurance and dramatically for anaerobic weight lifting

Front 16

What is exercise's effect on total peripheral resistance?

Back 16

Progressive decrease in total perpiral resistance (total systemic resistance)

Front 17

Describe how blood is redistributed initially and then later on.

Back 17

Initially blood is diverted away from the skin (sympathetic vasoconstriction) and the gut; later withdrawal of sympathetic vasoconstriction occurs to accommodate the heat of exercise

Front 18

How does HR change to accommodate exercise?

Back 18

Increases in HR and there is an increase in phase 4 of the cardiac AP. (Due to inhibition of vagal nerve impulses and an increase in sympathetic discharge and SA node stimulation)

Front 19

Which is a more important controller of cutaneous vascular bed, neural or local control, during exercise?

Back 19

Neural control; initially the skin's blood vessels are constricted by the sympathetic nervous system but this is later removed so the skin can serve as a radiator.

Front 20

Which is more important for muscular vascular bed blood flow control (neural or local)?

Back 20

Local. Sympathetic stimulation vasoconstricts, but build-up of metabolites in the muscles cause vasodilation.

Front 21

Which is more important for coronary vascular beds during exercise local or neural contro?

Back 21

Local control, metabolic regulation causes an increase of 4 fold.

Front 22

What are the four factors which limit dynamic exercise (or oxygen uptake)?

Back 22

Respiratory system, cardiac output, peripheral circulation and the metabolic capacity of active muscules.

Front 23

List four adaptations to physical training on the cardiovascular system.

Back 23

1. Lower resting heart rate 2. Greater Stroke volume (1,2 result in greater cardiac output) 3. Slightly greater A-V oxygen difference 4. Increase in metabolic capacity of the active muscles.

Front 24

How is a a lower resting heart rate beneficial in exercise when the maximal heart rate remains the same?

Back 24

There is greater increase possible.

Front 25

What is the main difference between the isometric exercise and dynamic exercise?

Back 25

Blood pressure changes little in dynamic exercise, while in isometric exercise it increases

Front 26

What two CV attributes are much greater in isometric voluntary contraction than dynamic exercise when druation intensity and active muscle mass are similar?

Back 26

Heart rate and Blood pressure

Front 27

Why does pressure increase in isometric exercise but not as much in dynamic exercise?

Back 27

Total peripheral resistance changes little in isometric exercise (even though HR is increasing)

Front 28

What is the effect on maximal heart rate and CO in an anemic patient?

Back 28

Their maximal values remain unchanged but they happen at lower levels of exercise than normal (thus exercise capacity is reduced)

Front 29

In anemia how is A-V oxygen difference affected by anemia?

Back 29

The difference is decreased over what would be expected because redistribution is not as effective (b/c the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is compromised)

Front 30

In anemia, how is venous oxygen content affected?

Back 30

It is lower.

Front 31

What is the effect of heart failure on cardiac output and exercise tolerance?

Back 31

Both are decreased.

Front 32

What is the effect of mitral stenosis on HR and A-V oxygen difference?

Back 32

Both are increased and the max occurs at lower workloads than normal.

Front 33

What is the effect of mitral stenosis on blood flow into the left ventricle, stroke volume and cardiac output?

Back 33

These are all decreased because blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle is impeded (limited blood flow into left ventricle limits stroke volume and limits cardiac output)